Professional Counseling Orientation and Ethical practice
ACA definition of counseling -
Application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive,
affective, behavioral or systemic interventions, strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or
career development as well as pathology.
20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling -
ACA sponsored task force that achieved consensus on a definition of counseling:
Counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to
accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals
Wilhelm Wundt -
in 1879 established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany
Sigmund Freud -
1890 -used psychoanalysis in treating mental illness
Jesse Davis -
1898 - began working as counselor in Detroit high school
Clifford Beers -
1908 - exposed conditions in mental health institutions by writing, A Mind That Found Itself
Frank Parsons -
1908 -directed the Vocation Bureau in Boston
1909 - book, 'Choosing a Vocation', was published; established trait-factor guidance approach
National Vocational Guidance Association -
, 1913 - First career guidance organization (now NCDA)
Smith-Hughes Act -
Legislation for government funding to go to public schools to provide vocational support and
education in 1917.
Strong Vocational Interest Inventory -
published in 1927 -consists of items in which respondents indicate their preferences for
occupations, topics of study, activities, and types of people
E.G. Williamson -
1939 - published 'How to Counsel Students', modified Parson's trait-factor approach
Carl Rogers -
1942 - published 'Counseling and Psychotherapy'
Counseling veterans -
1945+- during post WWII years, counseling services in VA were greatly expanded
The American Personnel and Guidance Association -
founded in 1951
The Office of Vocational Rehabilitation -
Created in 1954
The National Defense Education Act -
passed in 1958. Provided money for training of school counselors
New theoretical counseling approaches developed in 1960's -
, Behavioral, Reality, Gestalt, Rational Emotive
Gilbert Wrenn -
1962 - published - The Counselor in the Changing World - emphasizing counseling a s a profession
focused on developmental needs
State of Virginia -
1976 - pass the first general practice counselor licensure law
CACREP -
1981 - Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs established
1980s -
Counseling credentialing (licensure and certification) mushroomed
APGA -
changed name to American Association for Counseling and Development; became ACA in 1992
Counseling services -
1990s - expands services and specialty areas increase; more federal legislation recognizes
counseling as a distinct profession
2000s and onward -
more than 63,000 nationally certified counselors and well over 120,000 licensed professional
counselors
2010 -
California passed counselor licensure legislation. All 50 states, DC, Puerto Rico and Guam have
licensure
ACA definition of counseling -
Application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive,
affective, behavioral or systemic interventions, strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or
career development as well as pathology.
20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling -
ACA sponsored task force that achieved consensus on a definition of counseling:
Counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to
accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals
Wilhelm Wundt -
in 1879 established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany
Sigmund Freud -
1890 -used psychoanalysis in treating mental illness
Jesse Davis -
1898 - began working as counselor in Detroit high school
Clifford Beers -
1908 - exposed conditions in mental health institutions by writing, A Mind That Found Itself
Frank Parsons -
1908 -directed the Vocation Bureau in Boston
1909 - book, 'Choosing a Vocation', was published; established trait-factor guidance approach
National Vocational Guidance Association -
, 1913 - First career guidance organization (now NCDA)
Smith-Hughes Act -
Legislation for government funding to go to public schools to provide vocational support and
education in 1917.
Strong Vocational Interest Inventory -
published in 1927 -consists of items in which respondents indicate their preferences for
occupations, topics of study, activities, and types of people
E.G. Williamson -
1939 - published 'How to Counsel Students', modified Parson's trait-factor approach
Carl Rogers -
1942 - published 'Counseling and Psychotherapy'
Counseling veterans -
1945+- during post WWII years, counseling services in VA were greatly expanded
The American Personnel and Guidance Association -
founded in 1951
The Office of Vocational Rehabilitation -
Created in 1954
The National Defense Education Act -
passed in 1958. Provided money for training of school counselors
New theoretical counseling approaches developed in 1960's -
, Behavioral, Reality, Gestalt, Rational Emotive
Gilbert Wrenn -
1962 - published - The Counselor in the Changing World - emphasizing counseling a s a profession
focused on developmental needs
State of Virginia -
1976 - pass the first general practice counselor licensure law
CACREP -
1981 - Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs established
1980s -
Counseling credentialing (licensure and certification) mushroomed
APGA -
changed name to American Association for Counseling and Development; became ACA in 1992
Counseling services -
1990s - expands services and specialty areas increase; more federal legislation recognizes
counseling as a distinct profession
2000s and onward -
more than 63,000 nationally certified counselors and well over 120,000 licensed professional
counselors
2010 -
California passed counselor licensure legislation. All 50 states, DC, Puerto Rico and Guam have
licensure
