RN Pediatric Perfusion Exam-Question with Correct Answers/
Verified
Pediatric Differences - ✔️✔️Infants have a greater chance of heart failure than older children,
during infancy the heart muscles are less developed and organized, less compliance of the heart
muscles, the infant maintains high heart rate and high cardiac output to meet the high metabolic
rate and oxygen requirements.
Polycythemia - ✔️✔️Increased amount of red blood cells (caused by chronic hypoxemia) the body
is making more to compensate for the low amounts of oxygen.
How do children respond to severe hypoxemia? - ✔️✔️children become bradycardic because they
have increased metabolic demands, they respond to stress by becoming brady, and this can be
deadly. (sign of impending cardiac arrest)
Indicators of cardiac dysfunction? - ✔️✔️Poor feeding/failure to thrive, tachypnea, tachycardia,
poor weight gain and activity intolerance, developmental delays, prenatal history, family history of
cardiac disease.
Define congenital heart defects? - ✔️✔️present at birth/shortly after, these are anatomic defects.
Define acquired heart defects? - ✔️✔️due to a disease process (infection, autoimmune response,
environmental factors)
What can cause heart defects? - ✔️✔️Fetal exposure to drugs, maternal viral infections, metabolic
disorders, increased maternal age, genetic factors.
How is congenital heart disease classified? - ✔️✔️by the hemodynamic characteristics
CHD increased pulmonary blood flow - ✔️✔️This disease allows for increased blood flow into the
lungs
CHD decreased pulmonary blood flow - ✔️✔️Not enough blood is getting to the lungs
, CHD obstruction of blood flow out of the heart - ✔️✔️Decreased systemic blood flow (body lacks
adequate oxygenation)
CHD Mixed blood flow - ✔️✔️Mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
CHD Asessment - ✔️✔️Get a detailed family history, get a prenatal history (did they have proper
care or any issues), detailed history of exposure to infections, gestational age at birth, feeding
history and weight gain (is it normal or poor), are they sweating? are they hitting their
developmental milestones? what is there respiratory status? are they having pain?
Respiratory System and CHD - ✔️✔️With CHD the respiratory system is affected as well, you need
to assess for the rate and work of breathing, is it normal? are they having trouble breathing and
using extra muscles or retracting? Do they have frequent respiratory infections? Are this issues
caused by lung disease or cardiac dysfunction?
Pulmonary edema symptoms? - ✔️✔️Increased work of breathing, grunting, nasal flaring and
retractions.
Hyperoxia test? - ✔️✔️This test looks at arterial blood gas to determine if decrease in oxygenation
is due to the lungs or the heart. If the arterial blood gas does not get better with oxygen, then it is a
cardiac issue.
Cardiovascular system assessment? - ✔️✔️What is the patients level of alertness, activity and tone?
look at their chest symmetry and pulsations, check capillary refill and pulses (are they equal is
strength are they weak or bounding?) check blood pressure, color of the patient and heart sounds
(assess for abnormal sounds such as murmurs), listen to PMI, look at the heart rate (is it fast, slow,
normal?)
Test used to diagnose heart defects? - ✔️✔️Chest xray, blood gases, electrocardiogram,
echocardiogram, angiography, cardiac cauterization, myocardium biopsy, pulmonary artery banding.
Education to the patients and family? - ✔️✔️Provide emotional support, educate about physical
activity, follow-up, endocarditis prevention (prevent infections)
Describe Increased Pulmonary blood flow defects? - ✔️✔️Abnormal connection between two sides
of the heart, either septum or great vessels, increase in pulmonary blood flow and decrease in
systemic blood flow.
Verified
Pediatric Differences - ✔️✔️Infants have a greater chance of heart failure than older children,
during infancy the heart muscles are less developed and organized, less compliance of the heart
muscles, the infant maintains high heart rate and high cardiac output to meet the high metabolic
rate and oxygen requirements.
Polycythemia - ✔️✔️Increased amount of red blood cells (caused by chronic hypoxemia) the body
is making more to compensate for the low amounts of oxygen.
How do children respond to severe hypoxemia? - ✔️✔️children become bradycardic because they
have increased metabolic demands, they respond to stress by becoming brady, and this can be
deadly. (sign of impending cardiac arrest)
Indicators of cardiac dysfunction? - ✔️✔️Poor feeding/failure to thrive, tachypnea, tachycardia,
poor weight gain and activity intolerance, developmental delays, prenatal history, family history of
cardiac disease.
Define congenital heart defects? - ✔️✔️present at birth/shortly after, these are anatomic defects.
Define acquired heart defects? - ✔️✔️due to a disease process (infection, autoimmune response,
environmental factors)
What can cause heart defects? - ✔️✔️Fetal exposure to drugs, maternal viral infections, metabolic
disorders, increased maternal age, genetic factors.
How is congenital heart disease classified? - ✔️✔️by the hemodynamic characteristics
CHD increased pulmonary blood flow - ✔️✔️This disease allows for increased blood flow into the
lungs
CHD decreased pulmonary blood flow - ✔️✔️Not enough blood is getting to the lungs
, CHD obstruction of blood flow out of the heart - ✔️✔️Decreased systemic blood flow (body lacks
adequate oxygenation)
CHD Mixed blood flow - ✔️✔️Mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
CHD Asessment - ✔️✔️Get a detailed family history, get a prenatal history (did they have proper
care or any issues), detailed history of exposure to infections, gestational age at birth, feeding
history and weight gain (is it normal or poor), are they sweating? are they hitting their
developmental milestones? what is there respiratory status? are they having pain?
Respiratory System and CHD - ✔️✔️With CHD the respiratory system is affected as well, you need
to assess for the rate and work of breathing, is it normal? are they having trouble breathing and
using extra muscles or retracting? Do they have frequent respiratory infections? Are this issues
caused by lung disease or cardiac dysfunction?
Pulmonary edema symptoms? - ✔️✔️Increased work of breathing, grunting, nasal flaring and
retractions.
Hyperoxia test? - ✔️✔️This test looks at arterial blood gas to determine if decrease in oxygenation
is due to the lungs or the heart. If the arterial blood gas does not get better with oxygen, then it is a
cardiac issue.
Cardiovascular system assessment? - ✔️✔️What is the patients level of alertness, activity and tone?
look at their chest symmetry and pulsations, check capillary refill and pulses (are they equal is
strength are they weak or bounding?) check blood pressure, color of the patient and heart sounds
(assess for abnormal sounds such as murmurs), listen to PMI, look at the heart rate (is it fast, slow,
normal?)
Test used to diagnose heart defects? - ✔️✔️Chest xray, blood gases, electrocardiogram,
echocardiogram, angiography, cardiac cauterization, myocardium biopsy, pulmonary artery banding.
Education to the patients and family? - ✔️✔️Provide emotional support, educate about physical
activity, follow-up, endocarditis prevention (prevent infections)
Describe Increased Pulmonary blood flow defects? - ✔️✔️Abnormal connection between two sides
of the heart, either septum or great vessels, increase in pulmonary blood flow and decrease in
systemic blood flow.
