TEAS NURSING EXAM
nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER-structure contained within the nucleus that consists of
proteins; does not have a membrane
animal cell structures - CORRECT ANSWER-- centrosome
- centriole
- lysosome
- cilia
- flagella
centrosome - CORRECT ANSWER-pair of centrioles located at right angles to each
other surrounded by protein; involved in mitosis and cell cycle
centriole - CORRECT ANSWER-cylinder shaped structures near the nucleus that are
involved in cell division
lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER-digests proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
transports undigested substances to cell membrane so they can be removed
cilia - CORRECT ANSWER-appendages extending from the surface of the cell
causes the cell to move
flagella - CORRECT ANSWER-tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movements
to help the cell move; similar to cilia, but longer and not as numerous
cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-process by which a cell reproduces - cell growth,
duplication of genetic material, cell division
mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER-1. interphase
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
interphase - CORRECT ANSWER-cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic
and cytoplasmic material - G1, S, and G2
prophase - CORRECT ANSWER-chromatin thickens into chromosomes
nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate
,pairs of centrioles begin to move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers begin to
form
mitotic spindle - CORRECT ANSWER-formed from cytoskeleton parts, moves
chromosomes around within the cell
metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-the spindle moves to the center of the cell and
chromosome pairs align along the center of the spindle structure
anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-pairs of chromosomes (sisters) begin to pull apart ;
when separated they are called daughter chromosomes ; grooves appear in the cell
membrane
telophase - CORRECT ANSWER-spindle disintegrates , nuclear membranes reform ,
chromosomes revert to chromatin
cell begins to furrow
-animal cells: membrane is pinched
- plant cells: a new cell wall begins to form
cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER-physical splitting of the cell into two
meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER-has same phases as mitosis but they happen twice -
tetrads of four chromatids are formed in first phase ; 2nd phase similar to mitosis
result is *4 daughter cells* with different sets of chromosomes
*encourages genetic diversity*
respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-upper and lower
upper respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx,
larynx
lower respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-trachea, lungs, bronchial tree
categorizing components of respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-part of the
airway, the lungs, or the respiratory muscles
airway - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice
box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchial network
lined with cilia to trap foreign particles
lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-structures that house the bronchi and bronchial network
, surrounded by a pleural membrane
bronchi and bronchial network - CORRECT ANSWER-extend into lungs and terminate
in millions of alveoli (air sacs)
walls of alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER-one cell thick; allow for exchange of gases with
the blood capillaries that surround them
right lung - CORRECT ANSWER-has three lobes
left lung - CORRECT ANSWER-has 2 lobes - to leave room for the heart
pleural membrane around lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-reduces friction between
surfaces when breathing
respiratory muscles - CORRECT ANSWER-diaphragm and intercostal muscles
diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER-dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic
and abdominal cavities
intercostal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER-located between the ribs
functions of the respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-- to supply the body of
oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
- filters air (warmed, moistened, and filtered through nasal passages before getting to
the lungs)
- responsible for speech
- sense of smell
- cough production
- helps body maintain acid-base homeostasis
how is the respiratory system responsible for speech - CORRECT ANSWER-as air
passes through the throat, it moves through the larynx (voice box) , which vibrates and
produces sound , before it enters the trachea (windpipe)
cough production - CORRECT ANSWER-expels foreign particles that enter through
nasal cavity or airways
smell - CORRECT ANSWER-chemoreceptors that are located in the nasal cavity
respond to airborne chemicals
how does the respiratory system help the body maintain acid-base homeostasis -
CORRECT ANSWER-*hyperventilation* can increase blood pH during *acidosis* (low
pH)
nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER-structure contained within the nucleus that consists of
proteins; does not have a membrane
animal cell structures - CORRECT ANSWER-- centrosome
- centriole
- lysosome
- cilia
- flagella
centrosome - CORRECT ANSWER-pair of centrioles located at right angles to each
other surrounded by protein; involved in mitosis and cell cycle
centriole - CORRECT ANSWER-cylinder shaped structures near the nucleus that are
involved in cell division
lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER-digests proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
transports undigested substances to cell membrane so they can be removed
cilia - CORRECT ANSWER-appendages extending from the surface of the cell
causes the cell to move
flagella - CORRECT ANSWER-tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movements
to help the cell move; similar to cilia, but longer and not as numerous
cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-process by which a cell reproduces - cell growth,
duplication of genetic material, cell division
mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER-1. interphase
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
interphase - CORRECT ANSWER-cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic
and cytoplasmic material - G1, S, and G2
prophase - CORRECT ANSWER-chromatin thickens into chromosomes
nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate
,pairs of centrioles begin to move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers begin to
form
mitotic spindle - CORRECT ANSWER-formed from cytoskeleton parts, moves
chromosomes around within the cell
metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-the spindle moves to the center of the cell and
chromosome pairs align along the center of the spindle structure
anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-pairs of chromosomes (sisters) begin to pull apart ;
when separated they are called daughter chromosomes ; grooves appear in the cell
membrane
telophase - CORRECT ANSWER-spindle disintegrates , nuclear membranes reform ,
chromosomes revert to chromatin
cell begins to furrow
-animal cells: membrane is pinched
- plant cells: a new cell wall begins to form
cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER-physical splitting of the cell into two
meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER-has same phases as mitosis but they happen twice -
tetrads of four chromatids are formed in first phase ; 2nd phase similar to mitosis
result is *4 daughter cells* with different sets of chromosomes
*encourages genetic diversity*
respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-upper and lower
upper respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx,
larynx
lower respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-trachea, lungs, bronchial tree
categorizing components of respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-part of the
airway, the lungs, or the respiratory muscles
airway - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice
box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchial network
lined with cilia to trap foreign particles
lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-structures that house the bronchi and bronchial network
, surrounded by a pleural membrane
bronchi and bronchial network - CORRECT ANSWER-extend into lungs and terminate
in millions of alveoli (air sacs)
walls of alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER-one cell thick; allow for exchange of gases with
the blood capillaries that surround them
right lung - CORRECT ANSWER-has three lobes
left lung - CORRECT ANSWER-has 2 lobes - to leave room for the heart
pleural membrane around lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-reduces friction between
surfaces when breathing
respiratory muscles - CORRECT ANSWER-diaphragm and intercostal muscles
diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER-dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic
and abdominal cavities
intercostal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER-located between the ribs
functions of the respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-- to supply the body of
oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
- filters air (warmed, moistened, and filtered through nasal passages before getting to
the lungs)
- responsible for speech
- sense of smell
- cough production
- helps body maintain acid-base homeostasis
how is the respiratory system responsible for speech - CORRECT ANSWER-as air
passes through the throat, it moves through the larynx (voice box) , which vibrates and
produces sound , before it enters the trachea (windpipe)
cough production - CORRECT ANSWER-expels foreign particles that enter through
nasal cavity or airways
smell - CORRECT ANSWER-chemoreceptors that are located in the nasal cavity
respond to airborne chemicals
how does the respiratory system help the body maintain acid-base homeostasis -
CORRECT ANSWER-*hyperventilation* can increase blood pH during *acidosis* (low
pH)
