PPR 160 Part 1 Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%
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Mental Retardation - Abnormal limitations on their levels of mental functioning. Due to the limitations,
their developement has been altered and they will develop at slower pace than most children.
Causes of mental Retardation - * Perinatal probems
* problems during pregnancy
* Genetic conditions
*Health Problems
Kolb's learning process - Kolb outlines 4 stages that occur when learning takes plae. it begins at any
stage and is continuous and there is no limit to the number of times each stage is experienced. It occurs
through abstract conceptualization, active experimentation, concrete experiment, observation and
reflection.
Reg Revan's theory of action learning - approach that uses small cooperative learning groups who
regularly meet and discuss real life issues. They learn from each other's experiences.
Constructivism - Each person constructions meaning individually, they make sense of new information
on their own. Based on the understanding that due to all of our experiences we construct our own
comprehension of the world we live in through assimilation and accommodation.
Behaviorism - Learning that is defined simply the new behavior that we acquire through experiences. it
focuses mainly on observable behavior. Such as social interactions and physical exertions not mental
activities or thought process. These two cannot be measured unlike the interaction which is observable.
Piaget's learning theories - Created A model of child development and learning that shows how their
cognitive structure develops. it is based around the main idea that children build cognitive structures or
concepts in order to response to experiences in their environment.
Vygotsky's learning theories - He thought that culture is the main influencing factor on human
development and thus created the social recognition learning model. The influence starts with family
environment but then spreads to the media, school and community.
, Piaget's development stages - Sensorimotor: Birth to 2 years: They don't have sense of object
permanence.
Preoperational stage: 2 - 7 years: They still operate better in concrete situations.
Concrete Operational: 7 to 11: With more physical experience, they can start to conceptualize, and may
be able to solve abstract problems, such as using numbers in math instead of adding and subtracting
physical objects.
Formal Operational: 11 to 15: Children's cognitive structures are those of an adult and include
conceptual reasoning.
Perception disabilities - Occur when there is an interruption in the input process from the eyes or ears to
the neurons in the brain. The two types are visual and auditory.
ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: inappropriate amounts of inattention, impulsiveness
and hyperactivity.
Accommodation - A process by which one learns new information by creating an entirely NEW
knowledge structure ( schema or schemata) : One of the processes that help create equilibrium when
disequilibrium has occurred according to Piaget.
Assisted learning - The process a teacher might use when providing scaffolding within the zone of
proximal development.
Assimilation - Incorporating new knowledge into existing knowledge frames (schema) : One of the
processes that help create equilibrium when disequilibrium has occurred according to Piaget.
Adaptation - Adjustment of existing knowledge structures: Schema through either o the two processes
either assimilation or accommodation.
Readiness - The assessment of a student's potential ability to complete new tasks
Verified
Mental Retardation - Abnormal limitations on their levels of mental functioning. Due to the limitations,
their developement has been altered and they will develop at slower pace than most children.
Causes of mental Retardation - * Perinatal probems
* problems during pregnancy
* Genetic conditions
*Health Problems
Kolb's learning process - Kolb outlines 4 stages that occur when learning takes plae. it begins at any
stage and is continuous and there is no limit to the number of times each stage is experienced. It occurs
through abstract conceptualization, active experimentation, concrete experiment, observation and
reflection.
Reg Revan's theory of action learning - approach that uses small cooperative learning groups who
regularly meet and discuss real life issues. They learn from each other's experiences.
Constructivism - Each person constructions meaning individually, they make sense of new information
on their own. Based on the understanding that due to all of our experiences we construct our own
comprehension of the world we live in through assimilation and accommodation.
Behaviorism - Learning that is defined simply the new behavior that we acquire through experiences. it
focuses mainly on observable behavior. Such as social interactions and physical exertions not mental
activities or thought process. These two cannot be measured unlike the interaction which is observable.
Piaget's learning theories - Created A model of child development and learning that shows how their
cognitive structure develops. it is based around the main idea that children build cognitive structures or
concepts in order to response to experiences in their environment.
Vygotsky's learning theories - He thought that culture is the main influencing factor on human
development and thus created the social recognition learning model. The influence starts with family
environment but then spreads to the media, school and community.
, Piaget's development stages - Sensorimotor: Birth to 2 years: They don't have sense of object
permanence.
Preoperational stage: 2 - 7 years: They still operate better in concrete situations.
Concrete Operational: 7 to 11: With more physical experience, they can start to conceptualize, and may
be able to solve abstract problems, such as using numbers in math instead of adding and subtracting
physical objects.
Formal Operational: 11 to 15: Children's cognitive structures are those of an adult and include
conceptual reasoning.
Perception disabilities - Occur when there is an interruption in the input process from the eyes or ears to
the neurons in the brain. The two types are visual and auditory.
ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: inappropriate amounts of inattention, impulsiveness
and hyperactivity.
Accommodation - A process by which one learns new information by creating an entirely NEW
knowledge structure ( schema or schemata) : One of the processes that help create equilibrium when
disequilibrium has occurred according to Piaget.
Assisted learning - The process a teacher might use when providing scaffolding within the zone of
proximal development.
Assimilation - Incorporating new knowledge into existing knowledge frames (schema) : One of the
processes that help create equilibrium when disequilibrium has occurred according to Piaget.
Adaptation - Adjustment of existing knowledge structures: Schema through either o the two processes
either assimilation or accommodation.
Readiness - The assessment of a student's potential ability to complete new tasks
