Mental Health Nursing 2024 Question with 100% correct Answers Final Exam

Mental Health Nursing 2024 Question with 100% correct Answers Final Exam Administration of antipsychotics - Tablets - Syrups - IMI fast-acting - IMI slow-release Antipsychotic side effects - Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs) - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Metabolic syndrome Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs) The extrapyramidal system is involved in motor coordination and movement. Symptoms arise when there are disturbances to this symptom. - More common with typical antipsychotics - Primarily consist of four primary dimensions: 1. Parkinsonian symptoms 2. Akathisia 3. Acute dystonia 4. Tardive dyskinesia EPSE: parkinsonism Rigidity, mask like face, shuffling gait, tremor at rest, difficulty speaking or swallowing. Resolved with anticholinergic or antiparkinsonian drugs or possibly a change in medication. EPSE: akathisia Restlessness, leg aches, person can not stay still, subjective sense of restlessness - both motor and cognitive restlessness. Need to crawl out of skin. Resolved by reducing the dose, changing medication, low dose of propranolol (beta blocker) EPSE: acute dystonia Acute & painful muscle spasms in (head, back, face, neck, tongue) resulting in facial grimacing, torticollis, oculogyric crisis; can last minutes to hours, occur suddenly & cause fear. Managed by administration of anticholinergic (benztropine) - oral, IMI, IV EPSE: tardive dyskinesia Persistent, exaggerated & involuntary movements of the mouth, neck, tongue, limbs; may persist over time. Can be irreversible. May be reversible if recognised early & medication is stopped Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Acute condition characterised by: - Hyperthermia - Muscle rigidity - Altered consciousness Can also include: - Tachycardia - Labile BP - Metabolic acidosis Managed by stopping the drug and providing medical care for symptoms. Metabolic syndrome Characterised by weight gain after commencing typical or atypical antipsychotics. Associated with abdominal obesity and enhanced adiposity. Metabolic syndrome made up of a cluster of abnormalities: - Abdominal obesity - Hypertension - Hyperlipidaemia - Hyperglycaemia When experienced together lead to an increased risk of diabetes & cardiovascular disease Clozapine considerations Atypical antipsychotic - far more effective than many other antipsychotics BUT has potentially very severe side effects that limit its use to people with 'treatment resistant schizophrenia'. - Most common SEs - increased appetite, sedation, hyper sali