HESI Pharmacology Exit Exam
with NGN Study Guide |
Questions and Answers Graded
and Rated A+ | Latest 2024
1.) A nurse is preparing to administer eardrops to an infant. The nurse
plans to:
1. Pull up and back on the ear and direct the solution onto the eardrum.
2. Pull down and back on the ear and direct the solution onto the
eardrum.
3. Pull down and back on the ear and direct the solution toward the wall
of the canal.
4. Pull up and back on the ear lobe and direct the solution toward the
wall of the canal.
- Correct Answer - 3. Pull down and back on the ear and direct the
solution toward the wall of the canal.
Rationale:
When administering eardrops to an infant, the nurse pulls the ear down
and straight back. In the adult or a child older than 3 years, the ear is
pulled up and back to straighten the auditory canal. The medication is
administered by aiming it at the wall of the canal rather than directly onto
the eardrum.
2.) A nurse is collecting data from a client about medications being
taken, and the client tells the nurse that he is taking herbal supplements
for the treatment of varicose veins. The nurse understands that the client
is most likely taking which of the following?
1. Bilberry
2. Ginseng
,3. Feverfew
4. Evening primrose
- Correct Answer - 1. Bilberry
Rationale:
Bilberry is an herbal supplement that has been used to treat varicose
veins. This supplement has also been used to treat cataracts,
retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral vascular disease. Ginseng
has been used to improve memory performance and decrease blood
glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Feverfew is used to prevent
migraine headaches and to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Evening primrose
is used to treat eczema and skin irritation.
3.) A nurse is preparing to give the postcraniotomy client medication for
incisional pain. The family asks the nurse why the client is receiving
codeine sulfate and not "something stronger." In formulating a response,
the nurse incorporates the understanding that codeine:
1. Is one of the strongest opioid analgesics available
2. Cannot lead to physical or psychological dependence
3. Does not cause gastrointestinal upset or constipation as do other
opioids
4. Does not alter respirations or mask neurological signs as do other
opioids
- Correct Answer - 4. Does not alter respirations or mask neurological
signs as do other opioids
Rationale:
Codeine sulfate is the opioid analgesic often used for clients after
craniotomy. It is frequently combined with a nonopioid analgesic such as
acetaminophen for added effect. It does not alter the respiratory rate or
mask neurological signs as do other opioids. Side effects of codeine
include gastrointestinal upset and constipation. The medication can lead
to physical and psychological dependence with chronic use. It is not the
strongest opioid analgesic available.
,4.) A client receives a dose of edrophonium (Enlon). The client shows
improvement in muscle strength for a period of time following the
injection. The nurse interprets that this finding is compatible with:
1. Multiple sclerosis
2. Myasthenia gravis
3. Muscular dystrophy
4. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Correct Answer - 2. Myasthenia gravis
Rationale:
Myasthenia gravis can often be diagnosed based on clinical signs and
symptoms. The diagnosis can be confirmed by injecting the client with a
dose of edrophonium . This medication inhibits the breakdown of an
enzyme in the neuromuscular junction, so more acetylcholine binds to
receptors. If the muscle is strengthened for 3 to 5 minutes after this
injection, it confirms a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Another
medication, neostigmine (Prostigmin), also may be used because its
effect lasts for 1 to 2 hours, providing a better analysis. For either
medication, atropine sulfate should be available as the antidote.
5.) A nurse is assisting in preparing to administer acetylcysteine
(Mucomyst) to a client with an overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol).
The nurse prepares to administer the medication by:
1. Administering the medication subcutaneously in the deltoid muscle
2. Administering the medication by the intramuscular route in the gluteal
muscle
3. Administering the medication by the intramuscular route, mixed in 10
mL of normal saline
4. Mixing the medication in a flavoured ice drink and allowing the client
to drink the medication through a straw
- Correct Answer - 4. Mixing the medication in a flavoured ice drink and
allowing the client to drink the medication through a straw
Rationale:
, Because acetylcysteine has a pervasive odor of rotten eggs, it must be
disguised in a flavored ice drink. It is consumed preferably through a
straw to minimize contact with the mouth. It is not administered by the
intramuscular or subcutaneous route.
Knowing that the medication is a solution that is also used for
nebulization treatments will assist you to select the option that indicates
an oral route**
6.) A client is receiving baclofen (Lioresal) for muscle spasms caused by
a spinal cord injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of
the following is a side effect of this medication?
1. Muscle pain
2. Hypertension
3. Slurred speech
4. Photosensitivity
- Correct Answer –
Rationale: Side effects of baclofen include drowsiness, dizziness,
weakness, and nausea. Occasional side effects include headache,
paresthesia of the hands and feet, constipation or diarrhea, anorexia,
hypotension, confusion, and nasal congestion. Paradoxical central
nervous system excitement and restlessness can occur, along with
slurred speech, tremor, dry mouth, nocturia, and impotence.
Option 3 is most closely associated with a neurological disorder**
7.) A client is suspected of having myasthenia gravis, and the health
care provider administers edrophonium (Enlon) to determine the
diagnosis. After administration of this medication, which of the following
would indicate the presence of myasthenia gravis?
1. Joint pain
2. A decrease in muscle strength
3. An increase in muscle strength
with NGN Study Guide |
Questions and Answers Graded
and Rated A+ | Latest 2024
1.) A nurse is preparing to administer eardrops to an infant. The nurse
plans to:
1. Pull up and back on the ear and direct the solution onto the eardrum.
2. Pull down and back on the ear and direct the solution onto the
eardrum.
3. Pull down and back on the ear and direct the solution toward the wall
of the canal.
4. Pull up and back on the ear lobe and direct the solution toward the
wall of the canal.
- Correct Answer - 3. Pull down and back on the ear and direct the
solution toward the wall of the canal.
Rationale:
When administering eardrops to an infant, the nurse pulls the ear down
and straight back. In the adult or a child older than 3 years, the ear is
pulled up and back to straighten the auditory canal. The medication is
administered by aiming it at the wall of the canal rather than directly onto
the eardrum.
2.) A nurse is collecting data from a client about medications being
taken, and the client tells the nurse that he is taking herbal supplements
for the treatment of varicose veins. The nurse understands that the client
is most likely taking which of the following?
1. Bilberry
2. Ginseng
,3. Feverfew
4. Evening primrose
- Correct Answer - 1. Bilberry
Rationale:
Bilberry is an herbal supplement that has been used to treat varicose
veins. This supplement has also been used to treat cataracts,
retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral vascular disease. Ginseng
has been used to improve memory performance and decrease blood
glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Feverfew is used to prevent
migraine headaches and to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Evening primrose
is used to treat eczema and skin irritation.
3.) A nurse is preparing to give the postcraniotomy client medication for
incisional pain. The family asks the nurse why the client is receiving
codeine sulfate and not "something stronger." In formulating a response,
the nurse incorporates the understanding that codeine:
1. Is one of the strongest opioid analgesics available
2. Cannot lead to physical or psychological dependence
3. Does not cause gastrointestinal upset or constipation as do other
opioids
4. Does not alter respirations or mask neurological signs as do other
opioids
- Correct Answer - 4. Does not alter respirations or mask neurological
signs as do other opioids
Rationale:
Codeine sulfate is the opioid analgesic often used for clients after
craniotomy. It is frequently combined with a nonopioid analgesic such as
acetaminophen for added effect. It does not alter the respiratory rate or
mask neurological signs as do other opioids. Side effects of codeine
include gastrointestinal upset and constipation. The medication can lead
to physical and psychological dependence with chronic use. It is not the
strongest opioid analgesic available.
,4.) A client receives a dose of edrophonium (Enlon). The client shows
improvement in muscle strength for a period of time following the
injection. The nurse interprets that this finding is compatible with:
1. Multiple sclerosis
2. Myasthenia gravis
3. Muscular dystrophy
4. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Correct Answer - 2. Myasthenia gravis
Rationale:
Myasthenia gravis can often be diagnosed based on clinical signs and
symptoms. The diagnosis can be confirmed by injecting the client with a
dose of edrophonium . This medication inhibits the breakdown of an
enzyme in the neuromuscular junction, so more acetylcholine binds to
receptors. If the muscle is strengthened for 3 to 5 minutes after this
injection, it confirms a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Another
medication, neostigmine (Prostigmin), also may be used because its
effect lasts for 1 to 2 hours, providing a better analysis. For either
medication, atropine sulfate should be available as the antidote.
5.) A nurse is assisting in preparing to administer acetylcysteine
(Mucomyst) to a client with an overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol).
The nurse prepares to administer the medication by:
1. Administering the medication subcutaneously in the deltoid muscle
2. Administering the medication by the intramuscular route in the gluteal
muscle
3. Administering the medication by the intramuscular route, mixed in 10
mL of normal saline
4. Mixing the medication in a flavoured ice drink and allowing the client
to drink the medication through a straw
- Correct Answer - 4. Mixing the medication in a flavoured ice drink and
allowing the client to drink the medication through a straw
Rationale:
, Because acetylcysteine has a pervasive odor of rotten eggs, it must be
disguised in a flavored ice drink. It is consumed preferably through a
straw to minimize contact with the mouth. It is not administered by the
intramuscular or subcutaneous route.
Knowing that the medication is a solution that is also used for
nebulization treatments will assist you to select the option that indicates
an oral route**
6.) A client is receiving baclofen (Lioresal) for muscle spasms caused by
a spinal cord injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of
the following is a side effect of this medication?
1. Muscle pain
2. Hypertension
3. Slurred speech
4. Photosensitivity
- Correct Answer –
Rationale: Side effects of baclofen include drowsiness, dizziness,
weakness, and nausea. Occasional side effects include headache,
paresthesia of the hands and feet, constipation or diarrhea, anorexia,
hypotension, confusion, and nasal congestion. Paradoxical central
nervous system excitement and restlessness can occur, along with
slurred speech, tremor, dry mouth, nocturia, and impotence.
Option 3 is most closely associated with a neurological disorder**
7.) A client is suspected of having myasthenia gravis, and the health
care provider administers edrophonium (Enlon) to determine the
diagnosis. After administration of this medication, which of the following
would indicate the presence of myasthenia gravis?
1. Joint pain
2. A decrease in muscle strength
3. An increase in muscle strength
