General Chemistry 1 Exam 1 | Latest
Update | 2024/2025 | Rated A+
What is the role of the Pauli exclusion principle in determining the electron configuration of
atoms?
✔✔ The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set
of quantum numbers, which helps determine the unique electron configuration and arrangement
in orbitals.
How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?
✔✔ Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.
What is the principle behind Rutherford’s gold foil experiment and its contribution to atomic
theory?
✔✔ Rutherford’s gold foil experiment demonstrated that most of an atom’s mass is concentrated
in a small, dense nucleus, leading to the development of the nuclear model of the atom.
How does the concept of effective nuclear charge affect the size of an atom?
1
,✔✔ Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom. It
affects atomic size by influencing the attraction between the nucleus and the electron cloud, with
a higher effective nuclear charge resulting in a smaller atomic radius.
What is the process of an electron transition between energy levels in an atom, and how does it
relate to the emission or absorption of light?
✔✔ When an electron transitions between energy levels, energy is either absorbed or emitted as
light. Absorption occurs when an electron moves to a higher energy level, while emission occurs
when it returns to a lower energy level, releasing energy as light.
How do you determine the empirical formula of a compound from its percent composition?
✔✔ The empirical formula is determined by converting the percent composition to moles,
finding the simplest whole number ratio of the elements, and using this ratio to write the
empirical formula.
What is the significance of the atomic number in the periodic table, and how does it relate to the
identity of an element?
✔✔ The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus and determines
the element’s identity, as each element has a unique atomic number.
2
, How does the concept of hybridization explain the bonding in molecules with multiple bonds?
✔✔ Hybridization describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can
accommodate the bonding requirements of molecules, explaining the formation of sigma and pi
bonds in molecules with multiple bonds.
What is the relationship between bond length and bond strength in chemical bonds?
✔✔ Generally, shorter bonds are stronger because the bonded atoms are closer together,
resulting in a stronger attraction between them compared to longer bonds.
Scientific Method ✔✔1) Identifying a question, developing a hypothesis 2) Perform experiment,
make observations, record data 3) Interpret data, general hypothesis 4) Collect more data, maybe
develop law or theory
Law ✔✔A statement that summarizes past observations and is used to predict future ones.
Theory ✔✔A possible explanation or a law
Solid ✔✔Fixed shape and volume
3
Update | 2024/2025 | Rated A+
What is the role of the Pauli exclusion principle in determining the electron configuration of
atoms?
✔✔ The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set
of quantum numbers, which helps determine the unique electron configuration and arrangement
in orbitals.
How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?
✔✔ Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.
What is the principle behind Rutherford’s gold foil experiment and its contribution to atomic
theory?
✔✔ Rutherford’s gold foil experiment demonstrated that most of an atom’s mass is concentrated
in a small, dense nucleus, leading to the development of the nuclear model of the atom.
How does the concept of effective nuclear charge affect the size of an atom?
1
,✔✔ Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom. It
affects atomic size by influencing the attraction between the nucleus and the electron cloud, with
a higher effective nuclear charge resulting in a smaller atomic radius.
What is the process of an electron transition between energy levels in an atom, and how does it
relate to the emission or absorption of light?
✔✔ When an electron transitions between energy levels, energy is either absorbed or emitted as
light. Absorption occurs when an electron moves to a higher energy level, while emission occurs
when it returns to a lower energy level, releasing energy as light.
How do you determine the empirical formula of a compound from its percent composition?
✔✔ The empirical formula is determined by converting the percent composition to moles,
finding the simplest whole number ratio of the elements, and using this ratio to write the
empirical formula.
What is the significance of the atomic number in the periodic table, and how does it relate to the
identity of an element?
✔✔ The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus and determines
the element’s identity, as each element has a unique atomic number.
2
, How does the concept of hybridization explain the bonding in molecules with multiple bonds?
✔✔ Hybridization describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can
accommodate the bonding requirements of molecules, explaining the formation of sigma and pi
bonds in molecules with multiple bonds.
What is the relationship between bond length and bond strength in chemical bonds?
✔✔ Generally, shorter bonds are stronger because the bonded atoms are closer together,
resulting in a stronger attraction between them compared to longer bonds.
Scientific Method ✔✔1) Identifying a question, developing a hypothesis 2) Perform experiment,
make observations, record data 3) Interpret data, general hypothesis 4) Collect more data, maybe
develop law or theory
Law ✔✔A statement that summarizes past observations and is used to predict future ones.
Theory ✔✔A possible explanation or a law
Solid ✔✔Fixed shape and volume
3
