PSYCHOLOGY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
CHILDREN AND
ADOLESCENTS - D094
Maslow'sbHierarchybofbNeedsb-bcorrectbanswer-
Graphbthatbshowsbthatbindividualsbmustbsatisfybabbasicbseriesbofbneedsbbeforebthey
bcanbreachbtheirbfullbpotential.
MaslowsbNeedsblevelb1b-bcorrectbanswer-Physiologicalbneedsb(bwater,bfood)
Maslowsbneedsblevelb2b-bcorrectbanswer-
Safetybandbsecurityb(bPlacebtoblive,bphysicalborbfinancialbsafety
Maslowsbneedsblevelb3b-bcorrectbanswer-
Lovebandbacceptance.bLovebandbbelongingbneedsbinvolvebinterpersonalbrelationship
s—friendships,bintimacy,btrust,bromancebandblove,bandbbeingbpartbofbabgroup.
MAslowsbneedsblevelb4b-bcorrectbanswer-EsteembEsteembneedsbincludebself-
respect,brespectbfrombothers,bachievement,bindependence,bstatus,bandbprestige.
, Maslowsbneedsblevelb5b-bcorrectbanswer-Self-
bactualizationsbpersonalbgrowthbandbfulfillmentbandbthebrealizationbofbone'sbpersonal
bpotentialbasbabhumanbbeingb(asbMaslowbputbit—
abdesireb"tobbecomebeverythingbonebisbcapablebofbbecoming.")
PiagetbTheorybStageb1b-bcorrectbanswer-0-
2byearsboldbSensorimotorbstage.bUsingbtherebsensesbandbverybactive.bLearnbObject
bpermanence
Piagetbtheorybstageb2b-bcorrectbanswer-2-
b7byearsboldbpreoperationalbgoodbatbpretendbplaybandbegocentric
Piagetbtheorybstageb3b-bcorrectbanswer-7-
11byearsboldbConcreteboperational,bconservationb(Waterbdoesn'tbchangebinbdifferent
bglass)bChildrenbreasonbmath
Piagetbstageb4b-bcorrectbanswer-
12+bFormalbobservation.bMoralbreasoning,bknowingbconsequences,babstract
Schemab-bcorrectbanswer-
Abgroupbofbthoughtsbchildrenbusebtobcategorizebthings.b(bknowingbabhorsebisbbigban
dbhasbfourblegs,bsobwhenbtheybsawbabcowbcalledbitbabhorse)
Vygotskyb-bcorrectbanswer-
Socioculturebdevelopment.bSOCIAlbinteractionbbetweenbchildrenbandbthosebaroundbt
hembandbtheirbcognition.bVariesbacrossbcultures
ElementarybMentalbFunctionsb-bcorrectbanswer-havingbabtutorb
Attention,bsensory,bperception,bmemory
Higherbmentalbfunctionb-bcorrectbanswer-Becomingbindpendent
Morebknowledgablebotherb-bcorrectbanswer-
Vygotskybsaidbchildrenbneededbsomeonebinborderbtobshowbthem
Zonebofbproximalbdevelopmentb-bcorrectbanswer-
phasebofblearningbduringbwhichbchildrenbcanbbenefitbfrombinstructionb(Whenbthebchil
dbisbactuallyblearning)
Vygotskybonblanguageb-bcorrectbanswer-
Privatebspeechborbinternalbspeechbaidsbinbdevelopment.bLanguagebisbanbaccelerato
rbforbthinkingbandbunderstanding.bWatchingbandblearningblanguagebformbothers.
Erikson'sbStagesbofbPsychosocialbDevelopmentb-bcorrectbanswer-
theory,bpeoplebexperience
EriksonbStageb-bcorrectbanswer-infant-trustbvsbmistrust
toddlerb(1-3)bautonomybvsbshame
preschool-initiativebvsbguilt
school=industrybvsbinferiority