PSY 252 MBB (SENSATION AND PERCEPTION) EXAM
2024-2025
What are the 3 approaches to studying a problem? - ANSWER -Functional
Approach
- Structural Approach
- Error-based Approach
Functional Approach - ANSWER What if the purpose of ______? (ex: vision)
What did it evolve to do?
Structural Approach - ANSWER looking at body parts (eyeball, ear, brain)
Error-based Approach - ANSWER When does it make mistakes? What does this
tell us about how it works? (Ex: vision)
Why is perception important? - ANSWER - need senses to interact with the
environment; to know what's there and what to do with it
- sense things happening to you (esp if painful)
-* to find and avoid predators
-* find a mate
KEY TO SURVIVAL
-* only link to the outside world
Myth 1: - ANSWER Perception is Easy
- feels easy, automatic, and fast
Truth 1: - ANSWER Perception is hard
What makes perception hard? - ANSWER 1) Retina Image is upside down
,2) lose all info every time we blink and move our eyes
3)lose info going from 3D world to 2D image
4) holes in our vision- blindspot
5) based on a (incomplete) matrix of intensities
Perception uses cues to decode the image and ________ 3D world - ANSWER
reconstruct
Gestalt Principles (cues) of Organization - ANSWER -similarity
- connectedness
- proximity
- good continuation
- figure-ground
whats the difference between connectedness and good continuation?????
Kanisza Triangle Illusion - ANSWER - use Gestalt cues to trick vision into seeing
a triangle that isn't there
- Figure-Ground
-triangle=figure, circles= ground
- all of Gestalt principles seen (good continuation, similarity, proximity)
Depth Cues: Pictorial - ANSWER -Linear Convergence (look at line drawings in
notebook)
- reality is two straight lines but retina image is 2 diagonal lines
-relative size; get farther=smaller image
, -texture gradient; field of flowers and how the gradient actually looks
- Differences in retina images between Left and Right eyes ; binocular disparities
- don't see as much differences when things are farther (think of holding finger to
face and closing one eye at a time and then looking at professor)
Myth 2: - ANSWER See everything
Truth 2: - ANSWER don't see everything
- ex: gorilla video and keys on a counter
3 Physical Constraints of Visual System:
(reason one why we can't see everything) - ANSWER (need physical structures to
see)
1) Focus Light
2) Photoreceptors that can detect light
3) cells have receptive fields that limit what can be seen
1) Focus Light - ANSWER - Need eye structures to focus light
- fluid helps maintain shape of eye
- optical components
2) Photoreceptors that can detect the light - ANSWER can only detect 400-700nm
3) cells have receptive fields that limit what can be seen - ANSWER can only see
what Ganglian cells can see
Attention (reason two why we can't see everything) - ANSWER 1) Grand Illusion
2) world is its own best model
3) need attention to see (not for seeing gist)
1) Grand Illusion - ANSWER impression that we see everything (that's visible)
even though we don't
2) World is its own best model - ANSWER no need to code and store everything bc
2024-2025
What are the 3 approaches to studying a problem? - ANSWER -Functional
Approach
- Structural Approach
- Error-based Approach
Functional Approach - ANSWER What if the purpose of ______? (ex: vision)
What did it evolve to do?
Structural Approach - ANSWER looking at body parts (eyeball, ear, brain)
Error-based Approach - ANSWER When does it make mistakes? What does this
tell us about how it works? (Ex: vision)
Why is perception important? - ANSWER - need senses to interact with the
environment; to know what's there and what to do with it
- sense things happening to you (esp if painful)
-* to find and avoid predators
-* find a mate
KEY TO SURVIVAL
-* only link to the outside world
Myth 1: - ANSWER Perception is Easy
- feels easy, automatic, and fast
Truth 1: - ANSWER Perception is hard
What makes perception hard? - ANSWER 1) Retina Image is upside down
,2) lose all info every time we blink and move our eyes
3)lose info going from 3D world to 2D image
4) holes in our vision- blindspot
5) based on a (incomplete) matrix of intensities
Perception uses cues to decode the image and ________ 3D world - ANSWER
reconstruct
Gestalt Principles (cues) of Organization - ANSWER -similarity
- connectedness
- proximity
- good continuation
- figure-ground
whats the difference between connectedness and good continuation?????
Kanisza Triangle Illusion - ANSWER - use Gestalt cues to trick vision into seeing
a triangle that isn't there
- Figure-Ground
-triangle=figure, circles= ground
- all of Gestalt principles seen (good continuation, similarity, proximity)
Depth Cues: Pictorial - ANSWER -Linear Convergence (look at line drawings in
notebook)
- reality is two straight lines but retina image is 2 diagonal lines
-relative size; get farther=smaller image
, -texture gradient; field of flowers and how the gradient actually looks
- Differences in retina images between Left and Right eyes ; binocular disparities
- don't see as much differences when things are farther (think of holding finger to
face and closing one eye at a time and then looking at professor)
Myth 2: - ANSWER See everything
Truth 2: - ANSWER don't see everything
- ex: gorilla video and keys on a counter
3 Physical Constraints of Visual System:
(reason one why we can't see everything) - ANSWER (need physical structures to
see)
1) Focus Light
2) Photoreceptors that can detect light
3) cells have receptive fields that limit what can be seen
1) Focus Light - ANSWER - Need eye structures to focus light
- fluid helps maintain shape of eye
- optical components
2) Photoreceptors that can detect the light - ANSWER can only detect 400-700nm
3) cells have receptive fields that limit what can be seen - ANSWER can only see
what Ganglian cells can see
Attention (reason two why we can't see everything) - ANSWER 1) Grand Illusion
2) world is its own best model
3) need attention to see (not for seeing gist)
1) Grand Illusion - ANSWER impression that we see everything (that's visible)
even though we don't
2) World is its own best model - ANSWER no need to code and store everything bc
