BIO 202 Final Exam Study Guide
(StraighterLine A&P II)
Viscosity of Blood? -
✔️ twice as thick as water
How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system? -
✔️20-60 seconds
What is the composition of Blood -
✔️55% plasma, 45% formed elements,
What are the fucntions of blood? -
✔️-Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients
-Regulats pH and osmosis process
-Maintain body temperature
-Protect against foreign substances
-Assist in clotting
What is the composition of plasma? -
✔️
91% water
7% proteins
2% other solutes
What proteins are found in blood plasma? -
✔️albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
What solutes are found in blood plasma? -
✔️Ions, nutrients, waste products, gasses, regulatory substances
What are two blood disorders -
✔️Anemia and sickle-cell disease
What is sickle-cell disease? -
✔️
an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of
hemoglobin
What is anemia? -
✔️a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood
How much blood does the heart pump per minute? -
✔️~5 1/4 Quarts per minute
What are action potentials? -
✔️Sequence of electrical changes when a nerve membrane receives a stimulus that
exceeds a threshold
, What is depolarization? -
✔️Loss of an electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What is Repolarization? -
✔️Gain of electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What are the functions of the heart? -
✔️generating blood pressure, routing blood, ensuring one-way blood flow,
regulating blood supply
What are the two divisions of the heart? -
✔️Pulmonary Circuit and Systemic Circuit
What are the components of the heart? -
✔️Pericardium, Heart Wall, Chambers, Valves
What is the pericardium? -
✔️Double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and reduces friction between
pericardial membranes
What is the heart wall? -
✔️Three protective layers of tissue
What to chambers of the heart do? -
✔️Receive and return blood from and to the body
What is the purpose of heart valves? -
✔️prevent back flow of blood, ensure one-directional
What are the four valves of the heart? -
✔️The tricuspid and pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral and aortic
valves on the left side.
Blood flow through the heart -
✔️ SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt
atria --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> Body
Arteries -
✔️ carry blood away from the heart, muscular and elastic
Veins -
✔️ Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries -
✔️ Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and
cells of the body
Pulmonary hypertension -
✔️Narrowed arteries in lungs and heart decrease blood flow from heart and
decrease oxygen from lungs to rest of body
(StraighterLine A&P II)
Viscosity of Blood? -
✔️ twice as thick as water
How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system? -
✔️20-60 seconds
What is the composition of Blood -
✔️55% plasma, 45% formed elements,
What are the fucntions of blood? -
✔️-Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients
-Regulats pH and osmosis process
-Maintain body temperature
-Protect against foreign substances
-Assist in clotting
What is the composition of plasma? -
✔️
91% water
7% proteins
2% other solutes
What proteins are found in blood plasma? -
✔️albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
What solutes are found in blood plasma? -
✔️Ions, nutrients, waste products, gasses, regulatory substances
What are two blood disorders -
✔️Anemia and sickle-cell disease
What is sickle-cell disease? -
✔️
an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of
hemoglobin
What is anemia? -
✔️a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood
How much blood does the heart pump per minute? -
✔️~5 1/4 Quarts per minute
What are action potentials? -
✔️Sequence of electrical changes when a nerve membrane receives a stimulus that
exceeds a threshold
, What is depolarization? -
✔️Loss of an electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What is Repolarization? -
✔️Gain of electrical charge on the surface of a membrane
What are the functions of the heart? -
✔️generating blood pressure, routing blood, ensuring one-way blood flow,
regulating blood supply
What are the two divisions of the heart? -
✔️Pulmonary Circuit and Systemic Circuit
What are the components of the heart? -
✔️Pericardium, Heart Wall, Chambers, Valves
What is the pericardium? -
✔️Double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and reduces friction between
pericardial membranes
What is the heart wall? -
✔️Three protective layers of tissue
What to chambers of the heart do? -
✔️Receive and return blood from and to the body
What is the purpose of heart valves? -
✔️prevent back flow of blood, ensure one-directional
What are the four valves of the heart? -
✔️The tricuspid and pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral and aortic
valves on the left side.
Blood flow through the heart -
✔️ SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt
atria --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> Body
Arteries -
✔️ carry blood away from the heart, muscular and elastic
Veins -
✔️ Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries -
✔️ Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and
cells of the body
Pulmonary hypertension -
✔️Narrowed arteries in lungs and heart decrease blood flow from heart and
decrease oxygen from lungs to rest of body
