DeWitt Echocardiography CH: 12 Cardiomyopathy
Disease States Questions with Correct Answers
Alcoholic CMO Correct Answer-one of the most common causes (U.S.)
Chaggas Disease (Trypanosoma Cruzi) Correct Answer-the most
common etiology in South America = LV aneurysm, IVS WMA, LAE,
AI
Dilated CMO Definition
"congestive CMO" Correct Answer-most common CMO; multi-chamber
enlargement; decreased systolic and diastolic function
Dilated CMO Causes Correct Answer-idiopathic; familial link = up to
1/3 cases inherited; VHD; IHD/CAD/MI; longstanding systemic HTN;
arrhythmias; infectious = viral infections cause heart inflammation;
metabolic/"wet beriberi" (thiamine deficiency); some chemotherapy
agents; toxin exposure; drugs; alcohol abuse; endocrine disease (thyroid
disease, diabetes); immune system disorders; neuromuscular disorders;
peri-partum (during pregnancy) or post-partum (after pregnancy)
complications
Dilated CMO Complications/Signs & Symptoms Correct Answer-HF;
decreased CO; dysrhythmias; regurgitant valves; ischemia; thrombus;
pericardial effusion; IE
Dilated CMO Treatment Correct Answer-asymptomatic --> perhaps no
treatment; depends on cause, severity of complications, and general
, health: manage underlying issue(s), treat/control signs & symptoms,
prevent the CMO from progressing, and reduce risk of sudden death;
consider: lifestyle adjustments, medical therapy, implantable
cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and transplant
Dilated CMO 2D Echo Correct Answer-gross dilatation = increased
volume and mass; decreased systolic and diastolic function; thin walls;
spontaneous echo contrast; possible thrombus primarily at apex: utilize
CFD, different depths, various windows and views, document at least 2
views, TEE
Dilated CMO M-Mode Correct Answer-thin walls w/ decreased
function; increased chamber size; increased MV E point to septal
separation (EPSS) > 0.7 cm; decreased MV D-E excursion; "double
diamond" appearance; B notch; LVEDP = or > 15 mmHg
Hypertrophic CMO Definition Correct Answer-known for its
hypertrophic, hyperdynamic, non-dilated LV; associated with a LVOTO
Hypertrophic CMO Etiology Correct Answer-idiopathic; gene mutations
--> heart muscle to grow abnormally thick (relative --> echo/genetic
testing) due to sarcomere protein gene mutation (utilize TDI);
microscopic disorganization of the myocardial fibers
Hypertrophic CMO Types Correct Answer-hypertrophic obstructive
cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
provocable HOCM
Disease States Questions with Correct Answers
Alcoholic CMO Correct Answer-one of the most common causes (U.S.)
Chaggas Disease (Trypanosoma Cruzi) Correct Answer-the most
common etiology in South America = LV aneurysm, IVS WMA, LAE,
AI
Dilated CMO Definition
"congestive CMO" Correct Answer-most common CMO; multi-chamber
enlargement; decreased systolic and diastolic function
Dilated CMO Causes Correct Answer-idiopathic; familial link = up to
1/3 cases inherited; VHD; IHD/CAD/MI; longstanding systemic HTN;
arrhythmias; infectious = viral infections cause heart inflammation;
metabolic/"wet beriberi" (thiamine deficiency); some chemotherapy
agents; toxin exposure; drugs; alcohol abuse; endocrine disease (thyroid
disease, diabetes); immune system disorders; neuromuscular disorders;
peri-partum (during pregnancy) or post-partum (after pregnancy)
complications
Dilated CMO Complications/Signs & Symptoms Correct Answer-HF;
decreased CO; dysrhythmias; regurgitant valves; ischemia; thrombus;
pericardial effusion; IE
Dilated CMO Treatment Correct Answer-asymptomatic --> perhaps no
treatment; depends on cause, severity of complications, and general
, health: manage underlying issue(s), treat/control signs & symptoms,
prevent the CMO from progressing, and reduce risk of sudden death;
consider: lifestyle adjustments, medical therapy, implantable
cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and transplant
Dilated CMO 2D Echo Correct Answer-gross dilatation = increased
volume and mass; decreased systolic and diastolic function; thin walls;
spontaneous echo contrast; possible thrombus primarily at apex: utilize
CFD, different depths, various windows and views, document at least 2
views, TEE
Dilated CMO M-Mode Correct Answer-thin walls w/ decreased
function; increased chamber size; increased MV E point to septal
separation (EPSS) > 0.7 cm; decreased MV D-E excursion; "double
diamond" appearance; B notch; LVEDP = or > 15 mmHg
Hypertrophic CMO Definition Correct Answer-known for its
hypertrophic, hyperdynamic, non-dilated LV; associated with a LVOTO
Hypertrophic CMO Etiology Correct Answer-idiopathic; gene mutations
--> heart muscle to grow abnormally thick (relative --> echo/genetic
testing) due to sarcomere protein gene mutation (utilize TDI);
microscopic disorganization of the myocardial fibers
Hypertrophic CMO Types Correct Answer-hypertrophic obstructive
cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
provocable HOCM
