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This document provides a comprehensive overview and personal reflection on various developmental psychology topics. It begins with lessons learned from a documentary on the process of conception to birth, highlighting the complexity of human development. The author notes key stages, such as the blastocyst's journey to the uterus, the role of the placenta, and the significant growth that occurs during the third trimester. In response to the documentary, the author expresses fascination with the developmental process, stating that the video introduced them to new and surprising information, which deepened their interest in the phases of human growth. The document then shifts to brain development in early childhood, where the author outlines significant changes, such as the formation of neural circuits and the influence of the environment on development. They emphasize that positive environments foster healthy brain growth, while adverse experiences like stress and neglect can hinder it. To enhance brain development, the author suggests creating a nurturing environment, using responsive caregiving methods like "Serve and Return Interaction," and promoting healthy habits. The document also summarizes several key developmental theories. Freud's Psychosexual Theory is discussed, emphasizing the impact of early childhood experiences on personality and emotional development. Erikson's Psychoanalytic Theory is outlined, focusing on societal expectations and the development of the ego through eight stages of life. Watson's Behaviorism and Learning Theory highlights the role of classical conditioning in shaping emotional responses and fears, while Piaget's Constructivist Theory explores cognitive development through stages that focus on how children's thinking evolves over time. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory centers on the importance of social interaction and scaffolding in learning, and Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory introduces the concept of nested systems that influence a child's development, emphasizing the importance of environmental context. Finally, the author reflects on these theories, agreeing with many of them but finding Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory particularly resonant. They believe that the environment plays a crucial role in shaping a child's development, especially during the early years, and emphasize the significance of context in understanding individual growth.

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Uploaded on
August 17, 2024
Number of pages
1
Written in
2023/2024
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Lilamani de silva
Contains
All classes

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1. What are some significant changes in brain development that take place in Early
Childhood?
2. What are some ways that you can enhance brain development in Early Childhood?


Some significant changes in brain development that take place in early childhood is

The child starts to build connections that form circuits also known as the basic structure of the
brain. The circuits that are being used the most grow stronger while the other ones that are not
needed start to prune. The environment that a child grows up in can dictate whether these
connections are positive or negative. In hand these connections that are constantly forming
build motor skills, language, memory, emotions, visuals, and behavior control all of which are
vital to a baby’s development. Executive function also forms where it allows the child to manage
information or distractions that might come their way. Although the progress that a child makes
can be altered by adversities they may face. This includes stress, specifically toxic stress which
puts a strain on development, exposes the child to harmful habits, and encourages negative
responses. It is shown in studies that neural connections tend to be weaker and fewer when a
child is exposed and is in a state of stress for long periods of time. Another way development
can be altered is through neglect. A child craves interaction and by taking that away hinders the
baby's growth of healthy development.

Some ways to enhance brain development in early childhood is to start off by introducing that
child to a healthy environment and positive experiences can greatly enhance brain
development. Exposing a child to a nurturing, stable, and engaging environment would already
put that child in a great position for positive brain development. Families should also implement
policies that can result in individuals making the correct choice and can also lead them on a
steady path to a healthy lifestyle. Another way is adopting the “Serve and Return Interaction”
where a caregiver will respond to a child's actions which in turn will create a stronger foundation
for that baby in the future. Doing this will strengthen different areas of the brain, and will also
build on top of the skills they have learned.
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