NSG Exam 4 Questions
and Answers - with
complete solutions 2024
loss - ANSWER-- when someone or something of value experiences
change or is no longer accessible resulting in diminishing or removing
of its value
- Actual, perceived, anticipatory, necessary,
developmental/maturational, and situational
actual loss - ANSWER-recognizable to the person experiencing the
loss, as well as, other people. Ex. Death
perceived loss - ANSWER-recognizable to the person experiencing the
loss but not to others. Ex. older person with loss of independence
anticipatory loss - ANSWER-when a person experiences a reaction to
a loss that has not occurred yet. Ex. terminal news (grieve a loss that
hasnt happened yet)
necessary loss - ANSWER-related to changes in the life cycle that can
be anticipated.
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developmental/maturational - ANSWER-normal and expected, results
from the normal life transitions in the developmental process of life,
and results in the development of coping skills
situational loss - ANSWER-unanticipated and caused by an external
event. Ex. car wreck
grief - ANSWER-- an internal emotional reaction to loss
- types: normal/uncomplicated, dysfunctional/complicated,
anticipatory, and disenfranchised
mourning - ANSWER-the act of grieving and expressing grief
bereavement - ANSWER-a state of grieving due to loss of a loved one
normal/uncomplicated grief - ANSWER-- may show negative
emotions, such as hopelessness, withdrawal, anger, resentment, and
guilt
- over time, negative emotions will change to acceptance with some
acceptance being evident by 6 months following the loss
- may demonstrate physical complaints, such as fatigue, change in
sleeping patterns, chest pain, palpitations, nausea and headaches
dysfunctional/complicated grief - ANSWER-- also called unresolved
grief
- difficult progression through the usual grief stages
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- usually prolonged grieving
- may result in decreased self esteem, intense guilt, and suicidal
ideation
- physical complaints may continue for an extended time
anticipatory grief - ANSWER-the process of starting to "let go" of
someone or something before the loss actually occurs
disenfranchised grief - ANSWER-grief for a loss that may not be
considered socially acceptable or cannot be shared publicly (Ex.
someone dying from overdose, do not want to share due to societal
views on this)
Kübler-Ross' Theory of Grief - ANSWER-- denial: difficult accepting
the reality of a diagnosis, death or loss. "I'm fine", "I cant believe they
are gone"
- anger: expression of rage and hostility. Ex. blaming god
- bargaining: an attempt to negotiate for a cure or more time. Ex
trying to bargain with god
- depression: a period of grief
- acceptance: the reality of the diagnosis, death, or loss is accepted,
and the person feels tranquil and prepared and moves forward to
prepare for the future
palliative care - ANSWER-- appropriate for anyone with a chronic
disease or illness regardless of disease stage
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- interventions focus on the relief of physical, emotional, spiritual,
and psychosocial aspects of the disease
- provided by an interdisciplinary team
- goal is to aggressively manage symptoms in clients with life-
threatening illnesses to provide the best quality of life possible
hospice - ANSWER-- comprehensive care provided in various settings,
often the home
- indicated when a client's life expectancy is 6 months or less
- focus of treatment is shifted from a cure to quality of life and
support for the client as they approach death
- indications for referral may include: comorbidities, poor
performance status, poor nutrition, declining cognition, previous
hospital admissions, pressure injuries, and advanced age
advance care planning - ANSWER-planning for care in the future at
times when the client is unable to make his/her own decisions
advance directives - ANSWER-legal documents giving direction for
situations at end of life
health care proxy - ANSWER-also called a durable power of attorney
for healthcare; appoints a medical decision maker for times when the
client is unable to make his/her own decisions
living will - ANSWER-gives the client's wishes for medical treatment