PLTW Medical Interventions- 1.2 Review Questions
with Correct Answers
Mutation Correct Answer-Mutation is a change in the DNA that can
sometimes cause a change in the gene product, which is the target of the
antimicrobial.
Destruction or Inactivation Correct Answer-Many bacteria possess genes
which produce enzymes that chemically degrade or deactivate the
antimicrobial, rendering them ineffective against the bacterium.
Efflux Correct Answer-Certain bacteria can often become resistant to
antimicrobials through a mechanism known as Efflux. An efflux pump is
essentially a channel that actively exports antimicrobial and other
compounds out of the cell.
Conjugation Correct Answer-Conjugation is mediated by a particular
kind of circular DNA called a plasmid, which replicates independently
of the chromosome. Many plasmids carry genes that confer resistance to
antimicrobials. When two cells are in close proximity to each other, a
hollow bridge-like structure, known as a pilus, forms between two cells.
This allows a copy of the plasmid, as it is duplicated, to be transferred
from one bacterium to another.This enables a susceptible bacteria to
acquire resistance to a particular antimicrobial agent.
Transformation Correct Answer-During this process, genes are
transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA.
, Transduction Correct Answer-In this process, bacterial DNA is
transferred from one bacterium to another inside a virus that infects
bacteria. These viruses are called bacteriophages or bacterial phage.
Cell competence Correct Answer-ability of a cell to take up extracellular
(naked) DNA from its environment
Naked DNA Correct Answer-purified DNA sequence with no associated
proteins
DNA supercoiling Correct Answer-over or underwinding of a DNA
strand; an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is
important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting
DNA.
Topoisomerase Correct Answer-an enzyme that maintains the
supercoiling of DNA; inhibited by fluoroquinolones
Enzyme Inhibitors Correct Answer-inhibit folic acid synthesis
Peptidoglycan Correct Answer-forms a mesh-like layer outside the
plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.
30S Ribosome Correct Answer-tetracyclines use to decode mRNA
with Correct Answers
Mutation Correct Answer-Mutation is a change in the DNA that can
sometimes cause a change in the gene product, which is the target of the
antimicrobial.
Destruction or Inactivation Correct Answer-Many bacteria possess genes
which produce enzymes that chemically degrade or deactivate the
antimicrobial, rendering them ineffective against the bacterium.
Efflux Correct Answer-Certain bacteria can often become resistant to
antimicrobials through a mechanism known as Efflux. An efflux pump is
essentially a channel that actively exports antimicrobial and other
compounds out of the cell.
Conjugation Correct Answer-Conjugation is mediated by a particular
kind of circular DNA called a plasmid, which replicates independently
of the chromosome. Many plasmids carry genes that confer resistance to
antimicrobials. When two cells are in close proximity to each other, a
hollow bridge-like structure, known as a pilus, forms between two cells.
This allows a copy of the plasmid, as it is duplicated, to be transferred
from one bacterium to another.This enables a susceptible bacteria to
acquire resistance to a particular antimicrobial agent.
Transformation Correct Answer-During this process, genes are
transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA.
, Transduction Correct Answer-In this process, bacterial DNA is
transferred from one bacterium to another inside a virus that infects
bacteria. These viruses are called bacteriophages or bacterial phage.
Cell competence Correct Answer-ability of a cell to take up extracellular
(naked) DNA from its environment
Naked DNA Correct Answer-purified DNA sequence with no associated
proteins
DNA supercoiling Correct Answer-over or underwinding of a DNA
strand; an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is
important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting
DNA.
Topoisomerase Correct Answer-an enzyme that maintains the
supercoiling of DNA; inhibited by fluoroquinolones
Enzyme Inhibitors Correct Answer-inhibit folic acid synthesis
Peptidoglycan Correct Answer-forms a mesh-like layer outside the
plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.
30S Ribosome Correct Answer-tetracyclines use to decode mRNA
