DEP2004 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers
According to Piaget, what are the hallmarks of a preoperational child?
✓ ~~~ Transductive thinking, category problems, egocentrism, and conservation
Transductive thinking
✓ ~~~ Illogical, transductive is making a rule from one instance
✓ ex. One dog bite me therefore all dogs will bite me
✓ (inductive is taking many instances and making a rule out of it ex. the sun came out the
day before yesterday, yesterday, and today...tomorrow it will come out)
Category problems
✓ ~~~ Don't understand an item can be in two categories, can't get around labels
✓ ex. 3 tulips vs. 2 daises = tulips have more
✓ 3 tulips vs flowers = tulips have more
Egocentrism
✓ ~~~ can't take viewpoint from another, kids assume we all have the same view/brain
✓ All they remember is what they see which goes back to memory concepts
✓ ex. mountain task
Conservation
✓ ~~~ Amount is the same even when the form changes. They can only focus on one
dimension and can't reverse the concept. Seen with numbers, mass, liquids, area
ex. Two glasses of water are the same size and filled with the same amount of
water, one glass is moved into a longer skinnier glass and then the child will think
that glass has more water.
, Why did researchers such as Gelman and Chi argue that preoperational children are
far more logical than Piaget thought?
✓ ~~~ Gelman and Chi focused on preschool competency not the incompetency that
Piaget focused on. Children are universal novices.
Explain the counting principles
✓ ~~~ Gelman found children know more about counting than thought
-one-on-one: know only to count each item once
-stable order: the same set of numbers have an order 1,2,3,4,5
-cardinal: the last # is the set size
-order irrelevant: doesn't matter the order you count as long as they are all counted
-abstraction: believing anything can be counted like all cars or pieces of sand until
they learn one cannot count that
Describe the box model
✓ ~~~ info goes into sensory memory -> through attention can go into short term memory
(2-7) -> through rehearsal can go into long term memory.
What is working memory?
✓ ~~~ The brief, immediate memory for material that is currently being processed; a
portion of working memory also coordinates ongoing mental activities. (short term mem)
Working memory concerns immediate processing. Kids usually cant hold on to more than
2 things at once
Sorting strategies
Answers
According to Piaget, what are the hallmarks of a preoperational child?
✓ ~~~ Transductive thinking, category problems, egocentrism, and conservation
Transductive thinking
✓ ~~~ Illogical, transductive is making a rule from one instance
✓ ex. One dog bite me therefore all dogs will bite me
✓ (inductive is taking many instances and making a rule out of it ex. the sun came out the
day before yesterday, yesterday, and today...tomorrow it will come out)
Category problems
✓ ~~~ Don't understand an item can be in two categories, can't get around labels
✓ ex. 3 tulips vs. 2 daises = tulips have more
✓ 3 tulips vs flowers = tulips have more
Egocentrism
✓ ~~~ can't take viewpoint from another, kids assume we all have the same view/brain
✓ All they remember is what they see which goes back to memory concepts
✓ ex. mountain task
Conservation
✓ ~~~ Amount is the same even when the form changes. They can only focus on one
dimension and can't reverse the concept. Seen with numbers, mass, liquids, area
ex. Two glasses of water are the same size and filled with the same amount of
water, one glass is moved into a longer skinnier glass and then the child will think
that glass has more water.
, Why did researchers such as Gelman and Chi argue that preoperational children are
far more logical than Piaget thought?
✓ ~~~ Gelman and Chi focused on preschool competency not the incompetency that
Piaget focused on. Children are universal novices.
Explain the counting principles
✓ ~~~ Gelman found children know more about counting than thought
-one-on-one: know only to count each item once
-stable order: the same set of numbers have an order 1,2,3,4,5
-cardinal: the last # is the set size
-order irrelevant: doesn't matter the order you count as long as they are all counted
-abstraction: believing anything can be counted like all cars or pieces of sand until
they learn one cannot count that
Describe the box model
✓ ~~~ info goes into sensory memory -> through attention can go into short term memory
(2-7) -> through rehearsal can go into long term memory.
What is working memory?
✓ ~~~ The brief, immediate memory for material that is currently being processed; a
portion of working memory also coordinates ongoing mental activities. (short term mem)
Working memory concerns immediate processing. Kids usually cant hold on to more than
2 things at once
Sorting strategies
