Behavioral neuroscience exam 1, Behavioral
Neuroscience Questions and Correct Answers
Whats the goal of behavioral neuroscience?
✓ ~~~ understand human behavior by performing physical measurements of brain
function
When looking at measuring methods what does mobility of the method refer to?
✓ ~~~ (only applies to functional measures)
✓ ~Is there a limitation on what or who can be looked at
✓ -Telemetry: automated communications process by which measurements and other
data are collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving
equipment for monitoring.
What is the general measurement for time resolution?
✓ ~~~ msec
Phrenology, that looked at bumps on the top if the skull and related them to function
was disproved but what about the theory was essentially right?
✓ ~~~ localizing function
What would be a really fast way to disprove phrenology?
✓ ~~~ cut open the head and see if the bumps on the outside of the head are
correlated to the shape of the brain underneath
How do CAT/CT scans work?
, ✓ ~~~ shoots x-rays through the brain and then quantifies them
"the brain never forgets" refers to what about CAT scans?
✓ ~~~ your brain is exposed to a little bit of radiation each time but the damages will
build up
What do CAT scan show?
✓ ~~~ structure, not function (but some functional information can be garnered from
lesions and malformations)
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of CAT scans?
✓ ~~~ spatial: good (<1mm)
temporal: N/A
Does MRI or CT scans have better spatial resolution?
✓ ~~~ MRI scanes
NMR used to be called what?
✓ ~~~ NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
is a scary name for the public
What does MRI show?
✓ ~~~ structure not function
,What is the spatial and temporal resolution of MRI?
✓ ~~~ spatial- excellent (10s of micrometer)
temporal- N/A
What is the story of Bill oldendorf and the "brainless doctor"
✓ ~~~ the brainless doctor had an obstruction in his cerebral aqueduct and the inter
cranial pressure was building up slowly. The ventricles were compressing his brain
into a few centimeters of the cortex. When he took an MRI of himself it looked as
though he had no brain
What does an fMRI measure?
✓ ~~~ allows function to be measured by MRI
~measures oxygenated blood to see what parts of the brain are activated and
therefore active when preforming certain tasks
What can fMRI not tell us
✓ ~~~ Whether the lighting up of oxygenated blood in the fMRI is about excitation or
inhibition
What is the spatial and temporal resolution of fMRI and mobility?
✓ ~~~ spatial: excellent (same as MRI)
temporal: lousy (sec to min)
immobile
What is the new ultra-low field MRI
, ✓ ~~~ may measure neuronal current, but is immobile
How does a PET scan work?
✓ ~~~ (positron emission tomography)
doctor injects radioactively tagged glucose that accumulates in cells that are active, it
emits positions that hit an electron and release a gamma ray. The gamma rays are
detected and the position of the activated cell can be located
PET scans are getting outdated by MRI but what are they mainly used for today?
✓ ~~~ locating metabolically active tumors
What do PET scans show?
✓ ~~~ structure and function
What can pet scans not tell us
✓ ~~~ whether its excitation or inhibition
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of PET scans and mobility?
✓ ~~~ spatial: good (~3mm)
temporal: bad (minutes)
immobile
EEG + evoked potentials show what?
Neuroscience Questions and Correct Answers
Whats the goal of behavioral neuroscience?
✓ ~~~ understand human behavior by performing physical measurements of brain
function
When looking at measuring methods what does mobility of the method refer to?
✓ ~~~ (only applies to functional measures)
✓ ~Is there a limitation on what or who can be looked at
✓ -Telemetry: automated communications process by which measurements and other
data are collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving
equipment for monitoring.
What is the general measurement for time resolution?
✓ ~~~ msec
Phrenology, that looked at bumps on the top if the skull and related them to function
was disproved but what about the theory was essentially right?
✓ ~~~ localizing function
What would be a really fast way to disprove phrenology?
✓ ~~~ cut open the head and see if the bumps on the outside of the head are
correlated to the shape of the brain underneath
How do CAT/CT scans work?
, ✓ ~~~ shoots x-rays through the brain and then quantifies them
"the brain never forgets" refers to what about CAT scans?
✓ ~~~ your brain is exposed to a little bit of radiation each time but the damages will
build up
What do CAT scan show?
✓ ~~~ structure, not function (but some functional information can be garnered from
lesions and malformations)
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of CAT scans?
✓ ~~~ spatial: good (<1mm)
temporal: N/A
Does MRI or CT scans have better spatial resolution?
✓ ~~~ MRI scanes
NMR used to be called what?
✓ ~~~ NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
is a scary name for the public
What does MRI show?
✓ ~~~ structure not function
,What is the spatial and temporal resolution of MRI?
✓ ~~~ spatial- excellent (10s of micrometer)
temporal- N/A
What is the story of Bill oldendorf and the "brainless doctor"
✓ ~~~ the brainless doctor had an obstruction in his cerebral aqueduct and the inter
cranial pressure was building up slowly. The ventricles were compressing his brain
into a few centimeters of the cortex. When he took an MRI of himself it looked as
though he had no brain
What does an fMRI measure?
✓ ~~~ allows function to be measured by MRI
~measures oxygenated blood to see what parts of the brain are activated and
therefore active when preforming certain tasks
What can fMRI not tell us
✓ ~~~ Whether the lighting up of oxygenated blood in the fMRI is about excitation or
inhibition
What is the spatial and temporal resolution of fMRI and mobility?
✓ ~~~ spatial: excellent (same as MRI)
temporal: lousy (sec to min)
immobile
What is the new ultra-low field MRI
, ✓ ~~~ may measure neuronal current, but is immobile
How does a PET scan work?
✓ ~~~ (positron emission tomography)
doctor injects radioactively tagged glucose that accumulates in cells that are active, it
emits positions that hit an electron and release a gamma ray. The gamma rays are
detected and the position of the activated cell can be located
PET scans are getting outdated by MRI but what are they mainly used for today?
✓ ~~~ locating metabolically active tumors
What do PET scans show?
✓ ~~~ structure and function
What can pet scans not tell us
✓ ~~~ whether its excitation or inhibition
How is the spatial and temporal resolution of PET scans and mobility?
✓ ~~~ spatial: good (~3mm)
temporal: bad (minutes)
immobile
EEG + evoked potentials show what?
