PSY 252 FINAL EXAM WITH
(100)QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is a stereotype? - ANSWER = a belief that certain attributes are characteristic
of members of a particular group
-thinks about a person as a member of a group, instead of an individual
What is a prejudice? - ANSWER = an attitude or affective response (positive or
negative) toward a group and its members
-prejudging others because they belong to a specific category
What is discrimination? - ANSWER = favourable or unfavourable treatment of
individuals based on their membership in a particular group
What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination? -
ANSWER stereotypes = beliefs
prejudice = attitudes
discrimination = behavior
What is modern racism? - ANSWER = Prejudice directed at racial groups that exist
alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs
Describe Hodson's study. What did it study? What were the findings? What theory
does it relate to? - ANSWER -related to modern racism
-white participants evaluated white and black applicants
-participants rated black and white applicants the same when the applicants
excelled/fell short on both GPA and SAT Score
,FINDINGS
-when applicants excelled in one area but no both, blacks were evaluated less
favourably than whites by the more prejudiced participants
-prejudiced participants defended their evaluations as not prejudiced and "this is
more important than that and they were lacking in that"
*Benevolent Racism/Sexism - ANSWER
What is an Implicit Association Test? - ANSWER =a technique for revealing
nonconscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people
-reveals subtle, unconscious biases in even those
Affect misattribution procedure (amp) - ANSWER = a priming procedure designed
to assess people's implicit association to different stimuli, including their
associations to various ethnic, racial,, occupational, and lifestyle groups
Describe the Shooter Task. What task did it involve? What were the findings? -
ANSWER -participants were shown images of an armed or unarmed individual
who suddenly appeared on a computer screen.
-they were told to respond as quickly as possible by pressing a button to "shoot" if
the individual was armed (holding a gun), or another button if the individual was
unarmed
FINDINGS
-mistake of choosing wrong button for both white scenarios was equal
-mistake of shooting unarmed black was higher than mistake of not shooting an
armed black
Describe the Payne 2001 study. What task did it involve? What were the findings? -
, ANSWER -weapons identification task
-participants had to quickly decide whether an object depicted in a photo was a
handgun or hand tool
-each picture was preceded by a pic of an African American or White face
FINDINGS
-participants were quicker to identify a weapon as a weapon when it was preceded
by an AA face (primed with an AA face)
-faster to identify a hand tool as a hand tool when it was preceded by a white face
(primed with white face)
**Validity of implicit bias measures to detect racism in individuals and in regions -
ANSWER
**Difference between stereotype-irrelevant examples and stereotype-contradicting
examples - ANSWER
Define realistic group conflict theory. Explain under what circumstances it
increases and is strongest. What do groups compete for under this theory? What
other theory is linked to realistic group conflict theory? - ANSWER -realistic group
conflict theory = a theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are
likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources
-prejudice and discrimination should increase under conditions of economic
difficulties
-prejudice and discrimination should be strongest among groups that have the most
to lose at the expense of another group's gain
-groups also compete for ideological and cultural supremacy as well
-ethnocentrism = glorifying one's own group while vilifying other groups
(100)QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is a stereotype? - ANSWER = a belief that certain attributes are characteristic
of members of a particular group
-thinks about a person as a member of a group, instead of an individual
What is a prejudice? - ANSWER = an attitude or affective response (positive or
negative) toward a group and its members
-prejudging others because they belong to a specific category
What is discrimination? - ANSWER = favourable or unfavourable treatment of
individuals based on their membership in a particular group
What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination? -
ANSWER stereotypes = beliefs
prejudice = attitudes
discrimination = behavior
What is modern racism? - ANSWER = Prejudice directed at racial groups that exist
alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs
Describe Hodson's study. What did it study? What were the findings? What theory
does it relate to? - ANSWER -related to modern racism
-white participants evaluated white and black applicants
-participants rated black and white applicants the same when the applicants
excelled/fell short on both GPA and SAT Score
,FINDINGS
-when applicants excelled in one area but no both, blacks were evaluated less
favourably than whites by the more prejudiced participants
-prejudiced participants defended their evaluations as not prejudiced and "this is
more important than that and they were lacking in that"
*Benevolent Racism/Sexism - ANSWER
What is an Implicit Association Test? - ANSWER =a technique for revealing
nonconscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people
-reveals subtle, unconscious biases in even those
Affect misattribution procedure (amp) - ANSWER = a priming procedure designed
to assess people's implicit association to different stimuli, including their
associations to various ethnic, racial,, occupational, and lifestyle groups
Describe the Shooter Task. What task did it involve? What were the findings? -
ANSWER -participants were shown images of an armed or unarmed individual
who suddenly appeared on a computer screen.
-they were told to respond as quickly as possible by pressing a button to "shoot" if
the individual was armed (holding a gun), or another button if the individual was
unarmed
FINDINGS
-mistake of choosing wrong button for both white scenarios was equal
-mistake of shooting unarmed black was higher than mistake of not shooting an
armed black
Describe the Payne 2001 study. What task did it involve? What were the findings? -
, ANSWER -weapons identification task
-participants had to quickly decide whether an object depicted in a photo was a
handgun or hand tool
-each picture was preceded by a pic of an African American or White face
FINDINGS
-participants were quicker to identify a weapon as a weapon when it was preceded
by an AA face (primed with an AA face)
-faster to identify a hand tool as a hand tool when it was preceded by a white face
(primed with white face)
**Validity of implicit bias measures to detect racism in individuals and in regions -
ANSWER
**Difference between stereotype-irrelevant examples and stereotype-contradicting
examples - ANSWER
Define realistic group conflict theory. Explain under what circumstances it
increases and is strongest. What do groups compete for under this theory? What
other theory is linked to realistic group conflict theory? - ANSWER -realistic group
conflict theory = a theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are
likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources
-prejudice and discrimination should increase under conditions of economic
difficulties
-prejudice and discrimination should be strongest among groups that have the most
to lose at the expense of another group's gain
-groups also compete for ideological and cultural supremacy as well
-ethnocentrism = glorifying one's own group while vilifying other groups
