AP Biology: Unit 6 exam Questions and
Answers
What is the structure of DNA?
✓ ~~~Molecules called nucleotides, each nucleotide has a phosphate group, sugar group,
and a nitrogen base. Its made up of 2 strands forming a double helix
Role of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase in discovering the structure of DNA
✓ ~~~-Alfred Hershey and Martha chase performed experiments showing that DNA is the
genetic material of a phage known as T2
-They designed an experiment showing only 2 components of T2 (DNA or protein)
enters an E.coli cell during infection.
-They concluded that the injected DNA of the phage provides genetic information
Steps of DNA replication
✓ ~~~-Initiation
-Elongation
-Termination
Initiation
✓ ~~~Proteins bind to origin of replication while helicase unwinds the DNA helix and two
replication forks formed at the origin of replication.
Elongation
✓ ~~~Primer sequence is added with complementary RNA nucleotides which are replaced
by DNA nucleotides
, Termination
✓ ~~~Occurs when converging replication forks meet on opposite ends of parental
chromosome.
Replication
✓ ~~~making of DNA from an existing DNA strand
Transcription
✓ ~~~Synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA (making a copy of a gene)
Translation
✓ ~~~Synthesis of a polypeptide using info in the mRNA (making the gene a protein)
Gene Expression
✓ ~~~The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes two stages; transcription
and translation
How do mutations change the amino acid sequence of a protein?
✓ ~~~The change of a single nucleotide in a single a DNA template strand can lead to the
production of an abnormal protein.
How do eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription?
✓ ~~~-enzymes in the eukaryotic nucleus modify pre mRNA (RNA processing) before the
genetic messages are dispatching to the cytoplasm.
-During RNA processing, both ends of the primary transcript are altered
5 end and 3 end
Answers
What is the structure of DNA?
✓ ~~~Molecules called nucleotides, each nucleotide has a phosphate group, sugar group,
and a nitrogen base. Its made up of 2 strands forming a double helix
Role of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase in discovering the structure of DNA
✓ ~~~-Alfred Hershey and Martha chase performed experiments showing that DNA is the
genetic material of a phage known as T2
-They designed an experiment showing only 2 components of T2 (DNA or protein)
enters an E.coli cell during infection.
-They concluded that the injected DNA of the phage provides genetic information
Steps of DNA replication
✓ ~~~-Initiation
-Elongation
-Termination
Initiation
✓ ~~~Proteins bind to origin of replication while helicase unwinds the DNA helix and two
replication forks formed at the origin of replication.
Elongation
✓ ~~~Primer sequence is added with complementary RNA nucleotides which are replaced
by DNA nucleotides
, Termination
✓ ~~~Occurs when converging replication forks meet on opposite ends of parental
chromosome.
Replication
✓ ~~~making of DNA from an existing DNA strand
Transcription
✓ ~~~Synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA (making a copy of a gene)
Translation
✓ ~~~Synthesis of a polypeptide using info in the mRNA (making the gene a protein)
Gene Expression
✓ ~~~The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes two stages; transcription
and translation
How do mutations change the amino acid sequence of a protein?
✓ ~~~The change of a single nucleotide in a single a DNA template strand can lead to the
production of an abnormal protein.
How do eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription?
✓ ~~~-enzymes in the eukaryotic nucleus modify pre mRNA (RNA processing) before the
genetic messages are dispatching to the cytoplasm.
-During RNA processing, both ends of the primary transcript are altered
5 end and 3 end
