MGT 500 Week 11 Final Exam Answers Part 2 (Chapter 15-19)

1.An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called 2.Which of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success? 3.The ___of an attitude is the beliefs, opinions, and information a person has about the object of an attitude 4.People generally experience when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards (such as pay) are satisfactory, and when the employees like their co-workers. 5. refers to loyalty to and heavy involvement in the organization. 6. is defined as a positive attitude toward one's job. 7.Roy is a top executive at a cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people. This condition can be described as 8.The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called 9._________ is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention. 10.Which of the following is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then to attribute widely held generalizations about the group to the individual 11.When Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her outstanding based on his knowledge that she came to work every day earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment? 12.Which of the following refers to the tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people? 13.The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called 14.____________refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment 15.The Big Five personality factors includes all of these 16.Managing emotion is a basic component of emotional intelligence. Which of the following best describes managing emotions 17. A high degree of ____ means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence. 18.Individuals who believe that they control their own destiny are described as having a 19. Which of the following terms is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization? 20. Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain? 21. The extent to which a person's ability and personality match the requirements of a job is called: 22. Which of the following refers to a change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of experience? 23. All of the following are essential parts of any definition of leadership : 24. Which of the following refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities? 25. According to research, typically score higher on social and emotional skills. 26. All of the following are leadership qualities : 27. Colleen Farney at TeleTech shows vast knowledge, intelligence, cognitive ability, and keen decisiveness. Which personal characteristic of leadership is she showing? 28. . Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called _______and____ 29. Which of the following is consistent with initiating structure? 30. The Michigan researchers used the term________for leaders who established high performance goals and displayed supportive behavior toward subordinates. 31. According to the Leadership Grid,_________________ reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production. 32. According to the Leadership Grid, which of the following occurs when efficiency in operations is the dominant orientation? 33. The Leadership Grid used the two leader behaviors which were called ___________ 34. Hersey and Blanchard are responsible for which theory? 35. Which of the following refers to group atmosphere and members' attitude toward and acceptance of the leader? 36. Charismatic leaders are often __________ than transactional leaders. 37. The ____________ leader is distinguished by their ability to bring about organizational change. 38. Which types of leaders clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates? 39. Which of these is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others? 40. __________power comes from organizational structure and promotes stability, order, and problem solving within the structure. 41. ________ power comes from personal sources that are not as invested in the organization, such as personal interests, goals, and values. 42. Which of the following is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization? 43. Candice uses praise, letters of support, and pats on the back as ways of influencing her subordinate's behaviors. All of these actions are highly valued by the work group. This is an example of 44. Which of the following types of power is vested in the manager's ability to punish employees? 45. The seven interpersonal influence tactics for leaders include all of the following EXCEPT: 46. All of the following are interpersonal influence tactics EXCEPT: 47. A __________leader works to fulfill subordinated needs and goals as well as to achieve the organization's larger mission. 48. Which of the following types of leadership is about distinguishing right from wrong and choosing to do right? CHAPTER 16 49. Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior? 50. ______________ refers to a reward given by another person. 51. _____________________, is an example of an intrinsic reward. 52. Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people? 53. Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs? 54. _________ describes the most basic human physical needs, including food, water and oxygen. 55. Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved? 56. According to Maslow, the highest order needs are 57. According to Herzberg, ____ is an example of a hygiene factor. 58. According to Herzberg, ____ have the greatest impact on job satisfaction 59. The desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships, describes 60. A high need for ____ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy, according to McClelland. 61. Denise has a desire to influence others, be responsible for them, and have authority over them. It can be described as her 62. Theories that explain how employees select the behaviors that allow them to meet their needs are known as ____ 63. Which of the following is an example of a process theory of motivation? 64. ______ theory deals with employee's perception of fairness. 65. In goal-setting theory, which term refers to the need to get information to people about how well they are doing in progressing toward goal achievement? 66. Which of the following is NOT a common method for reducing a perceived inequity? 67. Which of the following is based on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes? 68. Which of the following describes the value or attraction an individual has for an outcome? 69. Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior? 70. Bruce publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Bruce hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of 71. ________________ is the imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee. 72. Which of the following is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction? 73. Which of these pursues task efficiency by reducing the number of tasks one person must do? 74. _______ systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job. 75. Which of the following combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job? 76. A job design that incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work is referred to as 77. The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as 78. Empowering employees means giving employees ____ 79. On the continuum of empowerment, what is the highest level of empowerment that requires the most complex skills? 80. On the continuum of empowerment, employees who are self-managed are__________ CHAPTER 17 81. What percentage of a manager's time is spent in direct communication? 80% 82. Communication is defined by the text as the process by which information is _______ 83. What are the key elements of communication? 84. _____________is necessary for communication to be considered two-way. 85. The receiver _____________ the symbols to interpret the meaning of the message. 86. Which of the following, in the communication process, has the responsibility to decode the symbols and interpret the meaning of the message? 87. ________________ refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode. 88. . Which of these is the richest medium for communication? __________ 89. _________________ are examples of channels which managers might choose to use when communicating with employees. 90. Which of the following comprises the lowest channel richness? 91. The term ___________________________ is defined as "an individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication." 92. Compared to men, women tend to ____________________ 93. An example of non-verbal communication is all of these except 94. Non-verbal communication has the biggest impact when using_________________. 95. _____________________ is defined as communication transmitted through actions and behaviors rather than through words. 96. The skills of_________ require receiving messages to accurately grasp facts and feelings to interpret the meaning of the message. 97. Downward communication is usually used to communicate information about all of the following EXCEPT 98. Many organizations use suggestion boxes, open door policies, and surveys to facilitate ___________________ 99. ___________________ refers to a team communication structure in which team members freely communicate with one another and arrive at decisions. 100. A centralized network is one in which _____________________________-. 101. According to the text, all of the following are ways managers can improve their writing skills EXCEPT: 102. All of the following are results of dialogue 103. Which of the following is NOT a result of discussion? 104. The four primary skills for communicating in a crisis include all of the following EXCEPT: CHAPTER 18 105. Which of the following refers to a unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their work to accomplish a specific objective? 106. Which of the following is a component of a team? 107. All of the following are common dysfunctions of teams EXCEPT: 108. A _________ is a person who benefits from team membership but does not make a proportionate contribution to the team's work. 109. Work team effectiveness is based on three outcomes: productive output, capacity to adapt and learn, and 110. Which of the following refers to a formal team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise? 111. Self-directed teams are ________________ teams. 112. Which of the following teams are described as a team that uses computer technology and groupware so that geographically distant members can collaborate on projects and reach common goals? 113. Effective virtual team leaders use technology to build relationships through all of the following ways EXCEPT: 114. Cross-border work teams made up of members of different nationalities whose activities span multiple countries are called_________________ 115. All of these behaviors are consistent with the role of a task specialist except : 116. Which of the following behaviors is NOT consistent with the socioemotional role? 117. _____________________________- is a role in which the individual provides support for team members' emotional n 118. There are two types of roles that emerge in teams. They are the _________________ role and the ________________ role. 119. Which of the following behaviors is consistent with the socioemotional role? 120. Which of the following is the first stage of team development? 121. During which stage of team development should the team leader help clarify team roles, norms, and values? 122. Jessica has just been appointed leader of a new work team in her organization. She is wondering what to do at her first meeting with the group. Which of the following would you suggest? 123. Which of the five stages of team development is marked by conflict and disagreement? 124. During which stage of team development does team unity emerge? 125. Dale's work team is beginning to resolve its conflicts and consensus is developing on such things as members' roles. Dale's team is in which stage of team development? 126. During the ___________ stage of team development, the major emphasis is on task accomplishment. 127. _____________ increases team cohesiveness. 128. _________- means that the first behaviors that occur in a team often set a precedent for later team expectations. 129. Managing team___________ is the most important skill required for effective team management. 130. The tendency for people to be so committed to a cohesive team that they are reluctant to express contrary opinions refers to ______. 131. All the following are conflict handling styles discussed in your text EXCEPT 132. Which of the following is NOT one of the four key strategies for achieving a win-win solution through negotiation? CHAPTER 19 133. Which of the following is the systematic process through which managers regulate organizational activities? 134. Which of the following is a comprehensive management control system that balances traditional financial measures with operational measures relating to a company's critical success factors? 135. All well-designed control systems involve the use of to determine whether performance meets established standards. 136. All of the following are major perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard EXCEPT: 137. What is the first step in the feedback control system? 138. According to the control model, after establishing standards of performance the manager should_______________. 139. Tiffany recently discovered that the reject rate for her department has exceeded the standard for performance in this area. What should Tiffany do to exercise effective control? 140. All of the following are key steps of setting up feedback control systems EXCEPT: 141. Which of these is a financial budget that estimates cash flows on a daily basis or weekly basis to ensure that the company can meet its obligations? 142. The firm's financial position with respect to assets and liabilities at a specific point in time is shown by its 143. __________________ is(are) the difference between assets and liabilities and is the company's net worth in stock and retained earnings. 144. Which of the following refers to funding activities with borrowed money? 145. Which of the following allows employees to see for themselves the financial condition of the company? 146. Total quality management ____- 147. Which of the following is a philosophy of organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, focusing on teamwork, customer satisfaction, and lowering costs? 148. Which of the following is the process of measuring your organizational process against the best in the industry? 149. Which of the following is a quality control approach that emphasizes a relentless pursuit of higher quality and lower costs?