DAT BIOLOGY MUST KNOWS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
all living things are made of cells, cell is basic unit of life, chemical reactions of life take place in the cell,
cells arise from only pre-existing cells, cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA - ANSWER The
cell theory
were ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs - ANSWER nucleolus
site of protein production, synthesized by nucleolus, found in cytoplasm and on RER. - ANSWER
Ribosome
involved in production of lipids - ANSWER Smooth ER
produces proteins - ANSWER Rough ER
receives vesicles from smooth Er, modifies and repackages into vesicles for exocytosis - ANSWER Golgi
appartus
made of microtubules, involved in spindle organization, plants do not have them - ANSWER Centrioles
hollow rods made of tubulin, in centrioles, cilia and flagella - ANSWER Microtubules
solid rods of actin, cell movement and support, muscle contraction - ANSWER Microfilaments
more solute outside of the cell, causes cell to shrivel/shrink called plasmolysis - ANSWER Hypertonic
more solute inside of the cell, less solvent outside of the cell, causes cell to swell and lyse(burst) -
ANSWER Hypotonic
, get 2 daughter cells of complete copy of original genome, PMAT (P-chromosomes condense, centrioles
got to opposite poles, spindle forms, membrane dissolves, M-fibers attach at kinetochore, chromosomes
align at metaphase plate, A-centromeres split, sister chromatids split cyto starts, T-spindle disappears,
nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes uncoil. C-cytokinesis) - ANSWER mitosis
produces haploid (N) cells, get 4 gametes, PMAT twice. (P1-crossing over/synapsis, M1-homologous pairs
line up, A1-disjunction, homologous pairs separate, T1-get 2N cells with sister chromatids still joined at
centromere. - ANSWER Meiosis
nucleotide- deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base. hydrogen bond with each other. -
ANSWER DNA strucutre
A and G, larger, two rings. - ANSWER purines
C and T - ANSWER pyrimidines
Enzyme that functions in DNA replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the
replication fork. - ANSWER Topoisomerase
enzyme in DNA replication that unwinds DNA, breaks H bonds between nitrogenous bases - ANSWER
helicase
Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule -
ANSWER DNA polymerase
making mRNA in nucleus from DNA, TATA box is promoter for transcription factors to tell RNA
polymerase to bind and add bases. mRNA gets then processed by splicing out introns, adding a guanine
cap and a poly A tail to leave the nucleus. - ANSWER transcription
mRNA into amino acids (proteins). occurs in cytoplasm. Stages= initiation-AUG start codon, tRNA starts.
elongation-peptide bonds between A site and P site, exit E site, translocation-ribosome advances 3
nucleotides long down, termination-stop codon. - ANSWER Translation
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
all living things are made of cells, cell is basic unit of life, chemical reactions of life take place in the cell,
cells arise from only pre-existing cells, cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA - ANSWER The
cell theory
were ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs - ANSWER nucleolus
site of protein production, synthesized by nucleolus, found in cytoplasm and on RER. - ANSWER
Ribosome
involved in production of lipids - ANSWER Smooth ER
produces proteins - ANSWER Rough ER
receives vesicles from smooth Er, modifies and repackages into vesicles for exocytosis - ANSWER Golgi
appartus
made of microtubules, involved in spindle organization, plants do not have them - ANSWER Centrioles
hollow rods made of tubulin, in centrioles, cilia and flagella - ANSWER Microtubules
solid rods of actin, cell movement and support, muscle contraction - ANSWER Microfilaments
more solute outside of the cell, causes cell to shrivel/shrink called plasmolysis - ANSWER Hypertonic
more solute inside of the cell, less solvent outside of the cell, causes cell to swell and lyse(burst) -
ANSWER Hypotonic
, get 2 daughter cells of complete copy of original genome, PMAT (P-chromosomes condense, centrioles
got to opposite poles, spindle forms, membrane dissolves, M-fibers attach at kinetochore, chromosomes
align at metaphase plate, A-centromeres split, sister chromatids split cyto starts, T-spindle disappears,
nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes uncoil. C-cytokinesis) - ANSWER mitosis
produces haploid (N) cells, get 4 gametes, PMAT twice. (P1-crossing over/synapsis, M1-homologous pairs
line up, A1-disjunction, homologous pairs separate, T1-get 2N cells with sister chromatids still joined at
centromere. - ANSWER Meiosis
nucleotide- deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base. hydrogen bond with each other. -
ANSWER DNA strucutre
A and G, larger, two rings. - ANSWER purines
C and T - ANSWER pyrimidines
Enzyme that functions in DNA replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the
replication fork. - ANSWER Topoisomerase
enzyme in DNA replication that unwinds DNA, breaks H bonds between nitrogenous bases - ANSWER
helicase
Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule -
ANSWER DNA polymerase
making mRNA in nucleus from DNA, TATA box is promoter for transcription factors to tell RNA
polymerase to bind and add bases. mRNA gets then processed by splicing out introns, adding a guanine
cap and a poly A tail to leave the nucleus. - ANSWER transcription
mRNA into amino acids (proteins). occurs in cytoplasm. Stages= initiation-AUG start codon, tRNA starts.
elongation-peptide bonds between A site and P site, exit E site, translocation-ribosome advances 3
nucleotides long down, termination-stop codon. - ANSWER Translation
