1356 RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
When a Pt is experiencing mild hypoxia you would expect their heart rate to be ? -
Answer-tachycardic
When a Pt is experiencing severe hypoxia you would expect their heart rate to be? -
Answer-bradycardic
If a disease is genetic it is _____. - Answer-intrinsic
What does the tracheobronchial tree do? - Answer-carries air into the lungs
Where is the tracheobronchial tree located? - Answer-It extends from the larynx to the
mainstem bronchi
The _______ lack cilia, have no protective mucus, and are not shielded by smooth
muscle or more rigid structure. - Answer-Bronchioles
What is bronchoconstriction? - Answer-when the smooth muscle narrows the airway
What is the effect of bronchodilator medications below the subsegmental level of the
bronchioles? - Answer-very little
The bronchi are divided into - Answer-tertiary (segmental) bronchi, subsegmental
bronchi, bronchioles
What is the mediastinum? - Answer-The space in the middle of the chest consisting of
the heart, large blood vessels, large conducting airways, and other organs
Blood flows from the heart to the lungs via the _______ artery. - Answer-pulmonary
Patients with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia often generate more red blood
cells, making their blood thick. This is called __________ - Answer-polycythemia
Polycythemia can cause: - Answer-strain on the right side of the heart due to the effort
needed to push blood through the pulmonary capillaries
Right-sided heart failure because of COPD is known as - Answer-cor pulmonale
_____ sided heart failure typically progresses much faster than ____ sided heart failure
- Answer-left, right
The ___ side of the heart pumps blood INTO the lungs - Answer-right
, The ___ side of the heart receives blood from the lungs, pumping it around the body to
perfuse organs and tissue. - Answer-left
mild hypoxia causes a ____ in heart rate. - Answer-increase
minute ventilation can be increased by - Answer-deep breathing and/or rapid breathing
When CO2 accumulates in the blood and combines with water what does it form? -
Answer-bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions (carbonic acid); this results in acidosis
as carbon dioxide rises pH ______ - Answer-drops
______ patients usually have respiratory acidosis - Answer-hypoventilating
What is Atelectasis? - Answer-collapse of entire lung or lobe of lung
What respiratory conditions that impair lung fuction cause hypoventilation? - Answer-
Atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, asthma, COPD
What conditions impair mechanics of breathing? - Answer-flail chest, diaphragmatic
rupture, severe retractions, air-or blood-filled abdomen, abdominal or chest binding,
anything that restricts pressure changes that facilitate respiration, obesity
hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)
What conditions that impair neuromuscular apparatus cause hypoventilation? - Answer-
head trauma, intracranial infections, brain tumors, serious spinal cord injury (above C5),
Guillain-Barre syndrome, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease), Botulism
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome? - Answer-progressive muscle weakness and
paralysis disorder, may cause ineffective breathing if paralysis reaches the diaphragm
What are conditions that reduce respiratory drive that causes hypoventilation? -
Answer-intoxication, head injury, hypoxic drive, asphyxia
What is pulsus paradoxus? - Answer-Peripheral pulses are weak or absent on
inhalation, caused by extreme pressure changes in the thorax
What is a classic sign of respiratory stress in infants? - Answer-grunting
What is a sitting position with the head elevated to 90 degrees? - Answer-Fowler
position
What is the infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease characterized by distention of the alveoli and destructive changes in the lung
parenchyma? - Answer-Emphysema
AND ANSWERS
When a Pt is experiencing mild hypoxia you would expect their heart rate to be ? -
Answer-tachycardic
When a Pt is experiencing severe hypoxia you would expect their heart rate to be? -
Answer-bradycardic
If a disease is genetic it is _____. - Answer-intrinsic
What does the tracheobronchial tree do? - Answer-carries air into the lungs
Where is the tracheobronchial tree located? - Answer-It extends from the larynx to the
mainstem bronchi
The _______ lack cilia, have no protective mucus, and are not shielded by smooth
muscle or more rigid structure. - Answer-Bronchioles
What is bronchoconstriction? - Answer-when the smooth muscle narrows the airway
What is the effect of bronchodilator medications below the subsegmental level of the
bronchioles? - Answer-very little
The bronchi are divided into - Answer-tertiary (segmental) bronchi, subsegmental
bronchi, bronchioles
What is the mediastinum? - Answer-The space in the middle of the chest consisting of
the heart, large blood vessels, large conducting airways, and other organs
Blood flows from the heart to the lungs via the _______ artery. - Answer-pulmonary
Patients with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia often generate more red blood
cells, making their blood thick. This is called __________ - Answer-polycythemia
Polycythemia can cause: - Answer-strain on the right side of the heart due to the effort
needed to push blood through the pulmonary capillaries
Right-sided heart failure because of COPD is known as - Answer-cor pulmonale
_____ sided heart failure typically progresses much faster than ____ sided heart failure
- Answer-left, right
The ___ side of the heart pumps blood INTO the lungs - Answer-right
, The ___ side of the heart receives blood from the lungs, pumping it around the body to
perfuse organs and tissue. - Answer-left
mild hypoxia causes a ____ in heart rate. - Answer-increase
minute ventilation can be increased by - Answer-deep breathing and/or rapid breathing
When CO2 accumulates in the blood and combines with water what does it form? -
Answer-bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions (carbonic acid); this results in acidosis
as carbon dioxide rises pH ______ - Answer-drops
______ patients usually have respiratory acidosis - Answer-hypoventilating
What is Atelectasis? - Answer-collapse of entire lung or lobe of lung
What respiratory conditions that impair lung fuction cause hypoventilation? - Answer-
Atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, asthma, COPD
What conditions impair mechanics of breathing? - Answer-flail chest, diaphragmatic
rupture, severe retractions, air-or blood-filled abdomen, abdominal or chest binding,
anything that restricts pressure changes that facilitate respiration, obesity
hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)
What conditions that impair neuromuscular apparatus cause hypoventilation? - Answer-
head trauma, intracranial infections, brain tumors, serious spinal cord injury (above C5),
Guillain-Barre syndrome, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease), Botulism
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome? - Answer-progressive muscle weakness and
paralysis disorder, may cause ineffective breathing if paralysis reaches the diaphragm
What are conditions that reduce respiratory drive that causes hypoventilation? -
Answer-intoxication, head injury, hypoxic drive, asphyxia
What is pulsus paradoxus? - Answer-Peripheral pulses are weak or absent on
inhalation, caused by extreme pressure changes in the thorax
What is a classic sign of respiratory stress in infants? - Answer-grunting
What is a sitting position with the head elevated to 90 degrees? - Answer-Fowler
position
What is the infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease characterized by distention of the alveoli and destructive changes in the lung
parenchyma? - Answer-Emphysema
