INTLSTD 101 Final Exam Questions and
Answers
Name and explain any four human rights that are considered "expansions of
rights" that McCormick mentions in the textbook - Answer -1. Intergenerational
rights: present generation has an obligation to protect the right of future
generations by not engaging in activities that would negatively impact the lives of
anyone not born yet.
2. Sexual orientation and gender identity: Concerns sexual rights including
issues such as arranged marriages, transgender rights, right to choose a partner
of the same sex, right to change one's gender identity and LGBTQ+ rights.
Heavily debated throughout the North and South.
3. The right to clean water: Freshwater resources are not equally distributed,
water can be contaminated by lead and other pollutants, and most supplies of
water are controlled and sold by private water companies, limiting access to
drinkable water.
4. DNA rights: Many governments have a large collection of DNA databases in
order to help solve crime, however it has raised concerned about the potential for
abuse and infringements on the right to privacy.
Define what a right is. Define what a duty is. Define what international human
rights are. Explain the two main features that make international human rights
different from other kinds of rights - Answer -A right: an entitlement to act or be
treated in a particular way
A duty: an obligation to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way to satisfy
someone's right
International human rights: the universal and inalienable rights all humans are
entitled to that the international community has a duty to satisfy.
International human rights are both universal (everyone has these rights simply
by being human) and inalienable (can not be taken away)
Name and define what the two main types of human rights are. Give an example
for each type - Answer -1. Civil and political human rights: rights that entitle
, humans to participate in the civic and political life of their society without
discrimination or repression from the state
Ex: right to vote, right to free speech
2. Economic and social human rights: rights that entitle humans to equal social
and economic conditions without exploitations from the market
Ex: right to healthcare, right to an education
What is the difference between a human rights resolution and a human rights
convention? What's the difference between a country that has signed a human
rights treaty and a country that has ratified a human rights treaty? - Answer -
Declaration/Resolution: non-legally binding international human rights document.
"Moral document"
Convention/Covenant/Treaty/Charter: legally binding international human rights
document that involves signatories and ratification
Countries may sign them to say they agree with a treaty but may not ratify it
meaning they do not have to abide by it if they do not want to
Define what the UN Human Rights Council's "universal periodic review" is. Name
and explain the three main steps that are involved in the universal periodic review
- Answer -Universal Periodic review: the review of the human rights record of all
193 UN member countries every four years
1. Information gathering: HRC collects reports from (1) the member state review;
(2) other institutions within the UN; (3) national and international human rights
organizations
2. Review session: three hour interview between HRC and the member state
under review regarding reports submitted during information gathering stage
3. Outcome report: summary of discussions held with member state review that
includes recommendations to improve the human rights situation in that member
state's country
Define what the International Criminal Court is. Name and explain its three main
features - Answer -International Criminal Court (ICC): permanent international
tribunal to investigate and prosecute individuals who have committed human
rights violations
1. Special mandate: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes
2. Limited jurisdiction: only investigates and prosecutes individuals who belong
to a member country of the ICC
Exception: investigates and prosecutes individuals referred to the Court by the
UN Security Council
3. Court of last resort: only investigates and prosecutes individuals when national
courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute them
What are the three founding principles of the United Nations and what do they
mean? - Answer -1. Sovereign Equality of Member States: all states are equal
Answers
Name and explain any four human rights that are considered "expansions of
rights" that McCormick mentions in the textbook - Answer -1. Intergenerational
rights: present generation has an obligation to protect the right of future
generations by not engaging in activities that would negatively impact the lives of
anyone not born yet.
2. Sexual orientation and gender identity: Concerns sexual rights including
issues such as arranged marriages, transgender rights, right to choose a partner
of the same sex, right to change one's gender identity and LGBTQ+ rights.
Heavily debated throughout the North and South.
3. The right to clean water: Freshwater resources are not equally distributed,
water can be contaminated by lead and other pollutants, and most supplies of
water are controlled and sold by private water companies, limiting access to
drinkable water.
4. DNA rights: Many governments have a large collection of DNA databases in
order to help solve crime, however it has raised concerned about the potential for
abuse and infringements on the right to privacy.
Define what a right is. Define what a duty is. Define what international human
rights are. Explain the two main features that make international human rights
different from other kinds of rights - Answer -A right: an entitlement to act or be
treated in a particular way
A duty: an obligation to act, or refrain from acting, in a particular way to satisfy
someone's right
International human rights: the universal and inalienable rights all humans are
entitled to that the international community has a duty to satisfy.
International human rights are both universal (everyone has these rights simply
by being human) and inalienable (can not be taken away)
Name and define what the two main types of human rights are. Give an example
for each type - Answer -1. Civil and political human rights: rights that entitle
, humans to participate in the civic and political life of their society without
discrimination or repression from the state
Ex: right to vote, right to free speech
2. Economic and social human rights: rights that entitle humans to equal social
and economic conditions without exploitations from the market
Ex: right to healthcare, right to an education
What is the difference between a human rights resolution and a human rights
convention? What's the difference between a country that has signed a human
rights treaty and a country that has ratified a human rights treaty? - Answer -
Declaration/Resolution: non-legally binding international human rights document.
"Moral document"
Convention/Covenant/Treaty/Charter: legally binding international human rights
document that involves signatories and ratification
Countries may sign them to say they agree with a treaty but may not ratify it
meaning they do not have to abide by it if they do not want to
Define what the UN Human Rights Council's "universal periodic review" is. Name
and explain the three main steps that are involved in the universal periodic review
- Answer -Universal Periodic review: the review of the human rights record of all
193 UN member countries every four years
1. Information gathering: HRC collects reports from (1) the member state review;
(2) other institutions within the UN; (3) national and international human rights
organizations
2. Review session: three hour interview between HRC and the member state
under review regarding reports submitted during information gathering stage
3. Outcome report: summary of discussions held with member state review that
includes recommendations to improve the human rights situation in that member
state's country
Define what the International Criminal Court is. Name and explain its three main
features - Answer -International Criminal Court (ICC): permanent international
tribunal to investigate and prosecute individuals who have committed human
rights violations
1. Special mandate: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes
2. Limited jurisdiction: only investigates and prosecutes individuals who belong
to a member country of the ICC
Exception: investigates and prosecutes individuals referred to the Court by the
UN Security Council
3. Court of last resort: only investigates and prosecutes individuals when national
courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute them
What are the three founding principles of the United Nations and what do they
mean? - Answer -1. Sovereign Equality of Member States: all states are equal
