UCF PCB3233 Exam 2 Immunology
Weigel
Describe Type I vs Types II interferons? - Type I interferon is secreted when a human cell is
infected with a virus, interfere with viral replication, alert immune system cells that an infection is
present, make virally infected cells more vulnerable to killer lymphocyte attack, Type I interferon
inducing proliferation of NK cells, Type II interferon (interferon gamma) secreted from NK cells, CD8T
cells and CD4 TH1 cells
What cells can produce Type I interferon? - Almost all nucleated cells have the compacity to make
type I interferon. Cytoplasmic sensors for viral RNAs
When TLR's are engaged, what mechanism is engaged in the macrophage? - A signal is sent to the
nucleus to make and secret inflammatory cytokines
What does TLR3 bind to? - RNA viruses
What does TLR4 bind to? - LPS (gram - bacteria)
What does TLR5 bind too? - Flagellin
What does TLR7 bind too? - Single strained RNA
What are the steps of the TLR4 signaling mechanism? - Complex of TLR4, MD2, CD14 and LPS
assembles on macrophage surface > MyD88 binds TLR4 and activated IRAK4 to phosphorylate TRAF6,
which leads to phosphorylation and activation of IKK . IKK phosphorylates IκB, leading to it's degradation
and release of NFκB which enters the nucleus and activates transpition of genes for inflammatory
cytokines which are synthesized in the cytoplasm and secreted via the ER
What 5 genes are transcribed because of the TLR4 recognition? - IL1, IL6, CXCL8, IL12 and TNFα
, IL1, IL6, CXCL8, IL12 and TNFα are all considered to be what? - Inflammatory cytokines
Describe neutrophils - Common myeloid precursor > granulocyte/macrophage progenitor >
neutrophil 40-75% of leukocytes effectors of innate immunity, specializing in capture, engulfment and
killing of microbes, work in anaerobic conditions found in damaged tissue, short lived, die at site of
infection, phagocytic cell that contain toxic substances in intracellular granules, 60% of hematopoietic
activity in the bone marrow, where a large reserve is kept
Another name for neutrophils is? - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (microphages)
4 classes of adhesion molecules - Selectins are carbohydrate binding lectins which bind to vascular
Addressins CD34 (contain carbohydrate groups) Integrins LFA1 bind to Ig superfamily proteins and
extracellular matrix, strong adhesion, ICAM1 binds to LFA 3
4 steps of extravastion - Extravasation=allowing neutrophils to exit the blood near site of
infections. Cytokines/inflammatory mediators induce selectin expression on vascular endothelium to
bind neutrophils. Transient interation between neutrophil and selectin on the endothelium. Rolling
adhesion, tight binding, interactions between LFA1 to ICAM1, strong interaction induced by CXCL8 held
on ECM proteoglycans, chemokine attraction, neutrophils squeeze between the endothelial cells
ROLLING ADHESION TIGHT BINDING DIAPEDESIS AND MIGRATION
How can you tell the difference between a general cytokine and a chemokine? - All chemokines
are cytokines, but NOT all cytokines are chemokines. CC or CXC while be in the name of chemokines,
except IL8 which is a chemokines
What are the 3 neutrophil granules? - Primary (azurophilic) Secondary (specific) and tertiary
(gelatinase)
What is the respiratory burst associated with neutrophils? - Transient increase in oxygen
consumption, the purpose is to raise the pH of the phagosome so the granule contents can becomes
active to kill pathogen
Name 2 acute phase proteins and what can they do? - C reactive protein can activate the
complement pathway and bind with C1q , Mannose binding lectin activated the complement cascade
and enhances complement fixation, can also serve as opsonin
Weigel
Describe Type I vs Types II interferons? - Type I interferon is secreted when a human cell is
infected with a virus, interfere with viral replication, alert immune system cells that an infection is
present, make virally infected cells more vulnerable to killer lymphocyte attack, Type I interferon
inducing proliferation of NK cells, Type II interferon (interferon gamma) secreted from NK cells, CD8T
cells and CD4 TH1 cells
What cells can produce Type I interferon? - Almost all nucleated cells have the compacity to make
type I interferon. Cytoplasmic sensors for viral RNAs
When TLR's are engaged, what mechanism is engaged in the macrophage? - A signal is sent to the
nucleus to make and secret inflammatory cytokines
What does TLR3 bind to? - RNA viruses
What does TLR4 bind to? - LPS (gram - bacteria)
What does TLR5 bind too? - Flagellin
What does TLR7 bind too? - Single strained RNA
What are the steps of the TLR4 signaling mechanism? - Complex of TLR4, MD2, CD14 and LPS
assembles on macrophage surface > MyD88 binds TLR4 and activated IRAK4 to phosphorylate TRAF6,
which leads to phosphorylation and activation of IKK . IKK phosphorylates IκB, leading to it's degradation
and release of NFκB which enters the nucleus and activates transpition of genes for inflammatory
cytokines which are synthesized in the cytoplasm and secreted via the ER
What 5 genes are transcribed because of the TLR4 recognition? - IL1, IL6, CXCL8, IL12 and TNFα
, IL1, IL6, CXCL8, IL12 and TNFα are all considered to be what? - Inflammatory cytokines
Describe neutrophils - Common myeloid precursor > granulocyte/macrophage progenitor >
neutrophil 40-75% of leukocytes effectors of innate immunity, specializing in capture, engulfment and
killing of microbes, work in anaerobic conditions found in damaged tissue, short lived, die at site of
infection, phagocytic cell that contain toxic substances in intracellular granules, 60% of hematopoietic
activity in the bone marrow, where a large reserve is kept
Another name for neutrophils is? - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (microphages)
4 classes of adhesion molecules - Selectins are carbohydrate binding lectins which bind to vascular
Addressins CD34 (contain carbohydrate groups) Integrins LFA1 bind to Ig superfamily proteins and
extracellular matrix, strong adhesion, ICAM1 binds to LFA 3
4 steps of extravastion - Extravasation=allowing neutrophils to exit the blood near site of
infections. Cytokines/inflammatory mediators induce selectin expression on vascular endothelium to
bind neutrophils. Transient interation between neutrophil and selectin on the endothelium. Rolling
adhesion, tight binding, interactions between LFA1 to ICAM1, strong interaction induced by CXCL8 held
on ECM proteoglycans, chemokine attraction, neutrophils squeeze between the endothelial cells
ROLLING ADHESION TIGHT BINDING DIAPEDESIS AND MIGRATION
How can you tell the difference between a general cytokine and a chemokine? - All chemokines
are cytokines, but NOT all cytokines are chemokines. CC or CXC while be in the name of chemokines,
except IL8 which is a chemokines
What are the 3 neutrophil granules? - Primary (azurophilic) Secondary (specific) and tertiary
(gelatinase)
What is the respiratory burst associated with neutrophils? - Transient increase in oxygen
consumption, the purpose is to raise the pH of the phagosome so the granule contents can becomes
active to kill pathogen
Name 2 acute phase proteins and what can they do? - C reactive protein can activate the
complement pathway and bind with C1q , Mannose binding lectin activated the complement cascade
and enhances complement fixation, can also serve as opsonin
