ASCP CERTIFICATION REFERENCE
RANGES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WTH SOLUTIONS 2024
Bilirubin, total - ANSWER 0.2 - 1 mg/dL
Increased: liver disease, hemolysis
> 20 mg.dL associated with brain damage
Conjugated bilirubin (direct) - ANSWER < 0.2 mg/dL
Increased: liver disease, obstructive jaundice
Unconjugated bilirubin (indirect) - ANSWER < 0.8 mg/dL
Increased: prehepatic, posthepatic
BUN - ANSWER 6 - 20 mg/dL
Increase: Kidney disease
Decrease: ovehydration, liver disease
Calcium, total - ANSWER 8.6 - 10 mg/dL
Ionized: 4.6 - 5.08 mg/dL
Increased: primary hyperparathyroidism, cancer, multiple myeloma
Decreased: hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency, renal tubular acidosis
Chloride - ANSWER 98 - 107 mEq/L
Increase: same as Na+
Decrease: vomiting, diabetic ketoacidosis, aldosterone deficiency, salt losing renal disease, metabolic
alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
Glucose, fasting - ANSWER 70 - 99 mg/dL
, Potassium - ANSWER 3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L
Increase: intake, excretion, crush injuries, metabolic acidosis
Decrease: GI or urinary loss, diuretics, metabolic alkalosis
Sodium - ANSWER 136 - 145 mEq/L
Increase: intake, hyperaldosteroneism, sweating, burns, diabetes insipidus,
Decrease: loss (vomiting, diarrhea), increased extracellular volume
Total protein - ANSWER 6.4 - 8.3 g/dL
Uric acid - ANSWER M: .5 - 7.2 mg/dL
F: 2.6 - 6 mg/dL
Increase: gout, renal failure, ketoacidosis, lactate excess, high nucleoprotein diet, leukemia, lymphoma
Decrease: ACTH administration, renal tubular defect
Creatinine - ANSWER 0.7 - 1.5 mg/dL
Increase: kidney disease
Ammonia - ANSWER 19 - 60 ug/dL
Increase: lier disease, hepatic coma, renal failure Rye's syndrome
CO2 total - ANSWER 23 - 29 mmol/L
Increased: metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
Decreased: metabolic acidosis, compensated respiratory alkalosis
Magnesium - ANSWER 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL
Increased: renal failure, intake, dehydration, bone cancer, endocrine disorder,
Decrease: severe illness, GI disorder, endocrine disorder, renal loss
RANGES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WTH SOLUTIONS 2024
Bilirubin, total - ANSWER 0.2 - 1 mg/dL
Increased: liver disease, hemolysis
> 20 mg.dL associated with brain damage
Conjugated bilirubin (direct) - ANSWER < 0.2 mg/dL
Increased: liver disease, obstructive jaundice
Unconjugated bilirubin (indirect) - ANSWER < 0.8 mg/dL
Increased: prehepatic, posthepatic
BUN - ANSWER 6 - 20 mg/dL
Increase: Kidney disease
Decrease: ovehydration, liver disease
Calcium, total - ANSWER 8.6 - 10 mg/dL
Ionized: 4.6 - 5.08 mg/dL
Increased: primary hyperparathyroidism, cancer, multiple myeloma
Decreased: hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency, renal tubular acidosis
Chloride - ANSWER 98 - 107 mEq/L
Increase: same as Na+
Decrease: vomiting, diabetic ketoacidosis, aldosterone deficiency, salt losing renal disease, metabolic
alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
Glucose, fasting - ANSWER 70 - 99 mg/dL
, Potassium - ANSWER 3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L
Increase: intake, excretion, crush injuries, metabolic acidosis
Decrease: GI or urinary loss, diuretics, metabolic alkalosis
Sodium - ANSWER 136 - 145 mEq/L
Increase: intake, hyperaldosteroneism, sweating, burns, diabetes insipidus,
Decrease: loss (vomiting, diarrhea), increased extracellular volume
Total protein - ANSWER 6.4 - 8.3 g/dL
Uric acid - ANSWER M: .5 - 7.2 mg/dL
F: 2.6 - 6 mg/dL
Increase: gout, renal failure, ketoacidosis, lactate excess, high nucleoprotein diet, leukemia, lymphoma
Decrease: ACTH administration, renal tubular defect
Creatinine - ANSWER 0.7 - 1.5 mg/dL
Increase: kidney disease
Ammonia - ANSWER 19 - 60 ug/dL
Increase: lier disease, hepatic coma, renal failure Rye's syndrome
CO2 total - ANSWER 23 - 29 mmol/L
Increased: metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
Decreased: metabolic acidosis, compensated respiratory alkalosis
Magnesium - ANSWER 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL
Increased: renal failure, intake, dehydration, bone cancer, endocrine disorder,
Decrease: severe illness, GI disorder, endocrine disorder, renal loss
