BIOCHEMISTRY Exam 4 2024/2025 WITH
102 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RATED A+
What is reduced and what is oxidized in the reaction between a monosaccharide and a
ferric ion?
The carbonyl carbon is oxidized to a carboxyl group, the cupric ion is reduced.
What are some of the structural and functional differences between
homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides?
*Homo
-Contains only a single monomeric species.
-Fuel storage: starch, glycogen
-Structural elements: Chitin (animal exoskeleton) and Cellulose (Plant cell wall).
*Hetero
- Contains two or more species.
- Extracellular support: Peptidoglycan ( Bacterial cell envelope) and matrix.
Brainpower
Read More
What is the structure of maltose?
What is the structure of lactose?
what is the structure of sucrose?
What are the similarities and differences between cellulose and chitin?
.............
Which of the following are reducing sugars? Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose?
, .............
What are the most important noncovalent bonds or interactions in cellulose?
Hydrogen bonding between neighboring chains.
How does lysozyme act as a first defense against bacterial infection?
Lysozyme kills bacteria by hydrolyzing the (B1-->4) glycosidic bond between N-
acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
Thus allowing cellular swelling.
How does penicillin combat bacterial infections?
Penicillin kill bacteria by preventing synthesis of the cross-links, leaving the cell too
weak to resist osmotic lysis.
What chemical property of glycosaminoglycans contributes to their role as lubricants?
............
How does the R-group of Serine make it a good amino-acid for connecting to a
carbohydrate moiety?
A sugar residue at the reducing end of the linker can be joined by its anomeric carbon to
the hydroxyl of the serine residue.
Number 26
........
What type of linkages connect oligosaccharides to proteins?
PG 255
What contributes to the structural rigidity of cellulose?
Glucose polymers are stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
T or F? Hyaluronan is a heteropolysaccharide?
True
Which bonds in α-D-glucose must be broken to change its configuration to ß-D-
glucose?
The bond between C-1 and the hydroxyl on C-5.
Which bonds must be broken to convert D-glucose to D-Mannose?
The hydrogen or the OH on the C-2.
Which bonds must be broken to convert one "chair" form of D-glucose to the other?
Conversion between chair confirmations does NOT require bond breakage. This the
critical distinction between CONFIGURATION and CONFORMATION.
Is D-2-deoxygalactose the same chemical as D-2-deoxyglucose?
NO glucose and galactose differ at C-4.
Describe the common features and differences of cellulose and glycogen.
Common:
-Polymers of D-glucose
Difference:
-In glycosidic linkage
102 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RATED A+
What is reduced and what is oxidized in the reaction between a monosaccharide and a
ferric ion?
The carbonyl carbon is oxidized to a carboxyl group, the cupric ion is reduced.
What are some of the structural and functional differences between
homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides?
*Homo
-Contains only a single monomeric species.
-Fuel storage: starch, glycogen
-Structural elements: Chitin (animal exoskeleton) and Cellulose (Plant cell wall).
*Hetero
- Contains two or more species.
- Extracellular support: Peptidoglycan ( Bacterial cell envelope) and matrix.
Brainpower
Read More
What is the structure of maltose?
What is the structure of lactose?
what is the structure of sucrose?
What are the similarities and differences between cellulose and chitin?
.............
Which of the following are reducing sugars? Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose?
, .............
What are the most important noncovalent bonds or interactions in cellulose?
Hydrogen bonding between neighboring chains.
How does lysozyme act as a first defense against bacterial infection?
Lysozyme kills bacteria by hydrolyzing the (B1-->4) glycosidic bond between N-
acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
Thus allowing cellular swelling.
How does penicillin combat bacterial infections?
Penicillin kill bacteria by preventing synthesis of the cross-links, leaving the cell too
weak to resist osmotic lysis.
What chemical property of glycosaminoglycans contributes to their role as lubricants?
............
How does the R-group of Serine make it a good amino-acid for connecting to a
carbohydrate moiety?
A sugar residue at the reducing end of the linker can be joined by its anomeric carbon to
the hydroxyl of the serine residue.
Number 26
........
What type of linkages connect oligosaccharides to proteins?
PG 255
What contributes to the structural rigidity of cellulose?
Glucose polymers are stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
T or F? Hyaluronan is a heteropolysaccharide?
True
Which bonds in α-D-glucose must be broken to change its configuration to ß-D-
glucose?
The bond between C-1 and the hydroxyl on C-5.
Which bonds must be broken to convert D-glucose to D-Mannose?
The hydrogen or the OH on the C-2.
Which bonds must be broken to convert one "chair" form of D-glucose to the other?
Conversion between chair confirmations does NOT require bond breakage. This the
critical distinction between CONFIGURATION and CONFORMATION.
Is D-2-deoxygalactose the same chemical as D-2-deoxyglucose?
NO glucose and galactose differ at C-4.
Describe the common features and differences of cellulose and glycogen.
Common:
-Polymers of D-glucose
Difference:
-In glycosidic linkage
