Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research final exam Questions with 100% correct Answers

Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research final exam Questions with 100% correct Answers Reaction time The time it takes to respond to a stimuli (Decision making) *Francis Donders (1868) -found mental response can't be measured directly -must be inferred from behavior -First to link behavior w/the mind Simple reaction time The time it takes to respond to a single stimulus *Donders Light flashed recognize light press button=1/10th sec (Stimuli) + (mental response) + (behavior response) Choice reaction time Time it takes to respond to 2 stimuli *Donders 2 lights left or right flashed+recognize light and decide which button to press+press left or right button=1/10th sec longer to make decision Structuralism Experience is determined by combining elements of experiments called sensations **Wilhem Wundt (1879) -first to establish a scientific psych laboratory -Phd, creation of psych as a discipline Analytic introspection Method where subjects trained to describe experiences and thought process in response to stimuli. Goal was to describe experience in terms of mental elements **Wundt Savings Determines how long it takes to memorize information the first time. (orginal time to learn-time to relearn after delay) **Ebbinghaus -read nonsense syllables to determine number of repetitions needed to repeat list without errors Savings curve Plot of savings versus time **As percent savings goes down=info forgotten increases James Watson -Rejected analytic introspect because it produces different results from person to person. -Results difficult to interpret in terms of the "invisible mind" -Proposed new approach "behaviorism" which can be analyzed w/out reference to the mind Classical conditioning The transfer between 2 stimulus. e.g. Watson n RAyner "little Albert experiment" Operate conditioning B.F skinner's idea that behavior can be shaped by rewards or punishment. Cognitive map Tolman's experiment that involved rats finding food through a 4 armed maze. When starting the rats from a different part of the maze, they still navigated through towards the food which proved cognition (the idea that something other than food changed the rats response). He found they created a **Mental conception of physical space Information processing approach Study mind created from insights associated with digital computer Artificial intelligence Field that studies how to make machines behave in ways that are like a human Levels of analysis Topics can be studied in different ways Neuron Cells specialized to create, receive and transmit info **what we experience/know Nerve net A pathway or network of neurons that conduct uninterrupted signals **Continuous, similar to highway Neuron Doctrine Individual cells transmit signals in the nervous system and are not continuous with other cells **Discovered by Ramon y Cajal -Used Gogli Stain on the brain tissue form newborn animals -Contradicted the nerve net Cell body The center of a neuron which contains the mechanisms to keep the cell alive. Dendrite Branch out of cell body that receives signals from neuron