SCNM Q4 CAPSTONE PHYSIOLOGY Q1, Q2, AND Q3
REVIEW, SCNM Q4 FINAL REVIEW - BIOCHEM/MGEN,
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS, FAT SOLUBLE
VITAMINS, LIPID METABOLISM-- B OXIDATION/
KETONES/ FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS/ CHOLESTEROL,
INTRO TO LIPID METABOLISM AND CHOLESTEROL
Botox blocks which of the following:
A.Acetylcholine receptors
B.sodium channels
C.exocytosis
D.acetylcholinesterase - answer- Exocytosis
The slowest sensory axons are
A.group I, type A
B.group II, type A
C.group III, type A
D.type C - answer- type C
Rod sodium channels are regulated by binding which of the following:
A.cAMP
B.cGMP
C.lidocaine
D.acetylcholine - answer- cGMP
What stimulates IGF-1 production by the liver?
A.somatostatin
B.TSH
C.hepcidin
D.growth hormone - answer- Growth Hormone
Which neurotransmitter is used by alpha motor neurons?
A.epinephrine
B.norepinephrine
C.GABA
D.acetylcholine - answer- Acetylcholine
What part of the brain controls the body temperature set point?
A.hippocampus
B.hypothalamus
C.amydala
D.reticular activating system - answer- Hypothalamus
,In the skin, the receptor potential of a mechanosensitivve nerve ending is a
A.resting potential
B.hyperpolarization
C.depolarization
D.action potential - answer- depolarization
Which neuron is most likely to be an inhibitory neuron?
A.motor neuron
B.mechanosensory neuron
C.interneuron
D.olfactory neuron - answer- interneuron
Which of the following is most likely to cause an inhibitory post-synaptic potential
(IPSP)?
A.glutamate
B.nitric oxide
C.GABA
D.activation of a Golgi tendon organ - answer- GABA
Which ion channel is most commonly associated with hyperpolarization?
A.sodium channel
B.calcium channel
C.chloride channel
D.nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel - answer- Chloride Channel
Which of the following is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that can give a
positive chronotropic effect?
A.nicotine
B.trimethaphan
C.muscarine
D.atropine - answer- Atropine
Adrenergic receptors are what type of receptor?
A.ligand-gated ion channel
B.tyrosine kinase receptor
C.an intracellular enzyme
D.G protein-coupled - answer- G-protein coupled receptors
What is the calcium-binding protein that controls striated muscle contraction?
A.calmodulin
B.tropomyosin
C.thrombin
D.troponin - answer- Troponin
Which of the following is the most commonly excitatory neurotransmitter?
A.glycine
,B.GABA
C.glutamate
D.nitric oxide - answer- Glutamate
Which of the following is an efferent?
A.sensory neuron axon
B.motor neuron axon
C.inter neuron
D.Purkinje cell dendrite - answer- Motor Neuron axon
What is the function of myelin?
A.allow spatial summation
B.regulate neurotransmission
C.speed up action potentials
D.penetrate the blood-brain barrier - answer- Speeds up action potentials
Where does saltatory conduction of action potentials occur?
A.in C fibers
B.in dendrites
C.across synaptic clefts
D.myelinated axons - answer- myelinated axons
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is what type of protein?
A.a G protein coupled receptor
B.an enzyme
C.voltage-gated ion channel
D.ligand-gated ion channel - answer- ligand-gated ion channel
When a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is activated what will happen?
A.sodium-calcium exchange
B.hyperpolarization
C.depolarization
D.axonal transport - answer- Depolarization
Which ion triggers neurotransmitter vesicle release?
A.chloride
B.sodium
C.calcium
D.potassium - answer- Calcium
Which of the following can trigger an action potential
A.IPSP
B.resting potential
C.EPSP
D.activation of a GABA-A receptor - answer- EPSP
, Cheyenne-stokes breathing is - answer- alternating involuntary reflex patterns of
hyperventilation and hypobentilation
Hering-Breuer reflex (stretch-reflex) is - answer- mechanosensitive stretch receptors in
lung tissue of airway smooth muscle responds to increasing lung volume, promoting
termination of inspiratory muscle activity upon reaching maximum expansion
J receptors - lung sensory neuron-mediated axon endings in the wall of the alveoli
sensitive to alveoli air spaces that occur when - answer- PT's have pulmonary edema
and their alveoli air spaces fill up with fluid - pt can't carry out respiratory gas exchange
(have trouble exchanging gases) = dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
J receptors - are sensory nerve endings in alveolar wall that notice fluid in lungs and
provide a sensation of difficulty breathing (rapid/shallow) = clues indicating pulmonary
edema
Cough reflex - - answer- sensory nerve endings throughout the airways triggered by
various types of stimuli - reflex inspiration followed by expiratory muscle contraction =
cough & Rapid movement of air to clean airways
Cheyenne-stokes breathing is - answer- alternating hypoventilation and hyperventilation
-can show up in pulmonary disease patients
Obstructive sleep apnea - reduced upper airway activity during sleep/disrupted
inspiration that interferes with - answer- alveoli ventilation overnight - patients don't
maintain normal muscle tone, compressing airways, not allowing the airways to stay
open (ex. excessive neck fat) - disrupting sleep and leading to disease
obstructive sleep apnea can seriously disrupt sleep and lead to - answer- hypoxemia -
pp of O2 below 40mmHg
Hypercapnea (high co2) 55mmHg
Hypoxia - pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction (inability to relax BV causing pulmonary
hypertension)
High altitude respiration is indicated by decreased O2 and increased - answer-
atmospheric pressure as altitude increases
-Hyperventilation causes blood CO2 levels to go LOW (Hypocapnia) = causing
respiratory Alkalosis (increased pH)
We have chemosensitive cells in the medulla that - answer- monitor blood CO2
(sensing pH)
What is the major regulator of the brain? - answer- CO2
REVIEW, SCNM Q4 FINAL REVIEW - BIOCHEM/MGEN,
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS, FAT SOLUBLE
VITAMINS, LIPID METABOLISM-- B OXIDATION/
KETONES/ FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS/ CHOLESTEROL,
INTRO TO LIPID METABOLISM AND CHOLESTEROL
Botox blocks which of the following:
A.Acetylcholine receptors
B.sodium channels
C.exocytosis
D.acetylcholinesterase - answer- Exocytosis
The slowest sensory axons are
A.group I, type A
B.group II, type A
C.group III, type A
D.type C - answer- type C
Rod sodium channels are regulated by binding which of the following:
A.cAMP
B.cGMP
C.lidocaine
D.acetylcholine - answer- cGMP
What stimulates IGF-1 production by the liver?
A.somatostatin
B.TSH
C.hepcidin
D.growth hormone - answer- Growth Hormone
Which neurotransmitter is used by alpha motor neurons?
A.epinephrine
B.norepinephrine
C.GABA
D.acetylcholine - answer- Acetylcholine
What part of the brain controls the body temperature set point?
A.hippocampus
B.hypothalamus
C.amydala
D.reticular activating system - answer- Hypothalamus
,In the skin, the receptor potential of a mechanosensitivve nerve ending is a
A.resting potential
B.hyperpolarization
C.depolarization
D.action potential - answer- depolarization
Which neuron is most likely to be an inhibitory neuron?
A.motor neuron
B.mechanosensory neuron
C.interneuron
D.olfactory neuron - answer- interneuron
Which of the following is most likely to cause an inhibitory post-synaptic potential
(IPSP)?
A.glutamate
B.nitric oxide
C.GABA
D.activation of a Golgi tendon organ - answer- GABA
Which ion channel is most commonly associated with hyperpolarization?
A.sodium channel
B.calcium channel
C.chloride channel
D.nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel - answer- Chloride Channel
Which of the following is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that can give a
positive chronotropic effect?
A.nicotine
B.trimethaphan
C.muscarine
D.atropine - answer- Atropine
Adrenergic receptors are what type of receptor?
A.ligand-gated ion channel
B.tyrosine kinase receptor
C.an intracellular enzyme
D.G protein-coupled - answer- G-protein coupled receptors
What is the calcium-binding protein that controls striated muscle contraction?
A.calmodulin
B.tropomyosin
C.thrombin
D.troponin - answer- Troponin
Which of the following is the most commonly excitatory neurotransmitter?
A.glycine
,B.GABA
C.glutamate
D.nitric oxide - answer- Glutamate
Which of the following is an efferent?
A.sensory neuron axon
B.motor neuron axon
C.inter neuron
D.Purkinje cell dendrite - answer- Motor Neuron axon
What is the function of myelin?
A.allow spatial summation
B.regulate neurotransmission
C.speed up action potentials
D.penetrate the blood-brain barrier - answer- Speeds up action potentials
Where does saltatory conduction of action potentials occur?
A.in C fibers
B.in dendrites
C.across synaptic clefts
D.myelinated axons - answer- myelinated axons
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is what type of protein?
A.a G protein coupled receptor
B.an enzyme
C.voltage-gated ion channel
D.ligand-gated ion channel - answer- ligand-gated ion channel
When a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is activated what will happen?
A.sodium-calcium exchange
B.hyperpolarization
C.depolarization
D.axonal transport - answer- Depolarization
Which ion triggers neurotransmitter vesicle release?
A.chloride
B.sodium
C.calcium
D.potassium - answer- Calcium
Which of the following can trigger an action potential
A.IPSP
B.resting potential
C.EPSP
D.activation of a GABA-A receptor - answer- EPSP
, Cheyenne-stokes breathing is - answer- alternating involuntary reflex patterns of
hyperventilation and hypobentilation
Hering-Breuer reflex (stretch-reflex) is - answer- mechanosensitive stretch receptors in
lung tissue of airway smooth muscle responds to increasing lung volume, promoting
termination of inspiratory muscle activity upon reaching maximum expansion
J receptors - lung sensory neuron-mediated axon endings in the wall of the alveoli
sensitive to alveoli air spaces that occur when - answer- PT's have pulmonary edema
and their alveoli air spaces fill up with fluid - pt can't carry out respiratory gas exchange
(have trouble exchanging gases) = dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
J receptors - are sensory nerve endings in alveolar wall that notice fluid in lungs and
provide a sensation of difficulty breathing (rapid/shallow) = clues indicating pulmonary
edema
Cough reflex - - answer- sensory nerve endings throughout the airways triggered by
various types of stimuli - reflex inspiration followed by expiratory muscle contraction =
cough & Rapid movement of air to clean airways
Cheyenne-stokes breathing is - answer- alternating hypoventilation and hyperventilation
-can show up in pulmonary disease patients
Obstructive sleep apnea - reduced upper airway activity during sleep/disrupted
inspiration that interferes with - answer- alveoli ventilation overnight - patients don't
maintain normal muscle tone, compressing airways, not allowing the airways to stay
open (ex. excessive neck fat) - disrupting sleep and leading to disease
obstructive sleep apnea can seriously disrupt sleep and lead to - answer- hypoxemia -
pp of O2 below 40mmHg
Hypercapnea (high co2) 55mmHg
Hypoxia - pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction (inability to relax BV causing pulmonary
hypertension)
High altitude respiration is indicated by decreased O2 and increased - answer-
atmospheric pressure as altitude increases
-Hyperventilation causes blood CO2 levels to go LOW (Hypocapnia) = causing
respiratory Alkalosis (increased pH)
We have chemosensitive cells in the medulla that - answer- monitor blood CO2
(sensing pH)
What is the major regulator of the brain? - answer- CO2
