ITE 272 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH ANSWERS

ITE 272 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH ANSWERS Fetch - CORRECT ANSWER-Data inputs are prepared for transformation into data outputs. Execution - CORRECT ANSWER-The transformation that takes place and the output is stored. Control Unit - CORRECT ANSWER-Moves data, accesses instructions between main memory and registers, and controls the arithmetic logic unit. Arithmetic Logic Unit - CORRECT ANSWER-Performs all computation and comparison operations. Registers - CORRECT ANSWER-Internal storage locations in a CPU; each is capable of holding a single instruction or data item instruction and instruction sets. Storage locations that hold inputs and outputs for the ALU. OP code - CORRECT ANSWER-The first group of bits and represents the instruction's unique binary number. Operands - CORRECT ANSWER-In an instruction's bit string, they're groups of bits after the op code that hold the instruction's input values; they can contain a data item or the location of a data item. Move - CORRECT ANSWER-Copies data to storage locations and can copy data between any combination of registers and primary storage locations. Load - CORRECT ANSWER-Data transfer from main memory into a register. Store - CORRECT ANSWER-Data transfer from a register into primary storage. NOT, AND, OR, XOR - CORRECT ANSWER-Data Transformation Boolean Operators ADD - CORRECT ANSWER-Accepts two numeric inputs and produces their arithmetic sum. NOT - CORRECT ANSWER-Transforms the Boolean value true (1) into false (0) and the value false into true. AND - CORRECT ANSWER-Generates the result true if both of its data inputs are true. OR - CORRECT ANSWER-Generates the value true if either or both data inputs are true. XOR - CORRECT ANSWER-Generates the value true if either (but not both) data input is true. SHIFT - CORRECT ANSWER-Moves all bit values right or left, according to the number of positions specified by the operand; after shifting, empty positions are filled with 0s, and bit values that shift beyond the bit string's bounds are discarded. Logical Shift - CORRECT ANSWER-Extracts a single bit from a bit string. Arithmetic Shift - CORRECT ANSWER-Performs division or multiplication Halt - CORRECT ANSWER-Suspends the normal flow of the program. Unconditional branch - CORRECT ANSWER-Changes the sequence of the instruction's execution in the program. Conditional branch - CORRECT ANSWER-Changes the instruction execution only if the value is true. BRANCH - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes the processor to depart from sequential instruction order. Complex Instruction Set Computing - CORRECT ANSWER-A philosophy of processor design that deliberately includes complex instructions in the instruction set. Reduced Instruction Set Computing - CORRECT ANSWER-A philosophy of processor design that limits the number and type of complex instructions in the instruction set. Clock Rate - CORRECT ANSWER-The frequency at which the system clock generates timing pulses. Cycle Time - CORRECT ANSWER-The time required to fetch and execute the simplest instruction in the instruction set. Benchmarks - CORRECT ANSWER-Measures of CPU or computer performance when carrying out one or more specific tasks; used to compare performance. Caching - CORRECT ANSWER-Storing data in cache memory. General-purpose registers - CORRECT ANSWER-Used only by the currently executing program. Special-purpose registers - CORRECT ANSWER-Used by the CPU for specific tasks; they include the instruction register, instruction pointer, and program status word A method of organizing CPU circuitry so that multiple instructions can be in different stages of execution at the same time. - CORRECT ANSWER-What is Pipelining? Branch Prediction - CORRECT ANSWER-An approach to dealing with conditional branches in which the CPU guesses whether a branch condition will be true or false based on past experience; a form of parallel processing Speculative Execution - CORRECT ANSWER-The term ____ describes instructions executed after the guess but before the final result is known with certainty. Multiprocessing - CORRECT ANSWER-Any CPU architecture in which duplicate CPUs or processor stages can execute in parallel Multicore Architecture - CORRECT ANSWER-A microprocessor architecture that embeds multiple CPUs and cache memory on a single chip Access Time - CORRECT ANSWER-The time required to perform one complete read or write operation Blocks - CORRECT ANSWER-A generic term for describing secondary storage data transfer units