WGU D311: Microbiology with Lab:
Section 1 UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers only
Describes prokaryotic cells. - Correct Answer- Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in
both pairs and clusters.
Describes eukaryotic cells. - Correct Answer- The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded
by complex nuclear membranes.
Describe eukaryotic flagella. - Correct Answer- Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like
structures.
Describe the endomembrane system. - Correct Answer- It includes the Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, and vesicles.
Describe similarities between protozoa and fungi. - Correct Answer- Both can be harmful or
harmless depending on the context.
Why are algae considered photosynthetic organisms? - Correct Answer- Algae produce
chemical energy from the sun's light energy.
Why are plasmids important to the survival of organisms? - Correct Answer- Plasmids carry
genetic material, apart from the genome, that can benefit the organism.
Describe bacteria. - Correct Answer- Some bacteria have cell walls composed of mycolic
acid.
Which aspect of nutrient cycling is performed only by prokaryotes? - Correct Answer-
Nitrogen fixation
Which microbial process is useful in the production of alcoholic beverages? - Correct
Answer- Glucose fermentation
, How does microbial bioremediation benefit the environment? - Correct Answer- By helping
to metabolize and remove pollutants in the atmosphere.
How is penicillin classified? - Correct Answer- As a natural antibiotic
What describes the relationship of pathogens to virulence? - Correct Answer- Highly virulent
pathogens almost always lead to a disease state when introduced to the body.
What is the key difference between a primary pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen? -
Correct Answer- Primary pathogens can infect anyone, whereas opportunistic pathogens can
cause disease if the host is immunocompromised.
How can disease expression be described? - Correct Answer- Signs and symptoms associated
with illness can be a result of many things, including an immune response.
What is the correct understanding of the median infectious dose? - Correct Answer- It's the
number of pathogenic cells required to cause active infection in 50% of inoculated animals.
Which structure aids in the evasion of phagocytosis by preventing immune cells from
adhering to pathogens? - Correct Answer- Capsule
Which group contains a pathogen that adheres to host cells by using a large adhesive disc? -
Correct Answer- Protozoans
Which phenomenon is found only in viruses? - Correct Answer- Antigenic shift
Which structure is used by certain bacteria to adhere to host tissues? - Correct Answer- Type
1 fimbrial adhesin
Which virulence factor aids in the adherence of bacterial pathogens to a host? - Correct
Answer- Pili
Section 1 UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers only
Describes prokaryotic cells. - Correct Answer- Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in
both pairs and clusters.
Describes eukaryotic cells. - Correct Answer- The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded
by complex nuclear membranes.
Describe eukaryotic flagella. - Correct Answer- Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like
structures.
Describe the endomembrane system. - Correct Answer- It includes the Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, and vesicles.
Describe similarities between protozoa and fungi. - Correct Answer- Both can be harmful or
harmless depending on the context.
Why are algae considered photosynthetic organisms? - Correct Answer- Algae produce
chemical energy from the sun's light energy.
Why are plasmids important to the survival of organisms? - Correct Answer- Plasmids carry
genetic material, apart from the genome, that can benefit the organism.
Describe bacteria. - Correct Answer- Some bacteria have cell walls composed of mycolic
acid.
Which aspect of nutrient cycling is performed only by prokaryotes? - Correct Answer-
Nitrogen fixation
Which microbial process is useful in the production of alcoholic beverages? - Correct
Answer- Glucose fermentation
, How does microbial bioremediation benefit the environment? - Correct Answer- By helping
to metabolize and remove pollutants in the atmosphere.
How is penicillin classified? - Correct Answer- As a natural antibiotic
What describes the relationship of pathogens to virulence? - Correct Answer- Highly virulent
pathogens almost always lead to a disease state when introduced to the body.
What is the key difference between a primary pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen? -
Correct Answer- Primary pathogens can infect anyone, whereas opportunistic pathogens can
cause disease if the host is immunocompromised.
How can disease expression be described? - Correct Answer- Signs and symptoms associated
with illness can be a result of many things, including an immune response.
What is the correct understanding of the median infectious dose? - Correct Answer- It's the
number of pathogenic cells required to cause active infection in 50% of inoculated animals.
Which structure aids in the evasion of phagocytosis by preventing immune cells from
adhering to pathogens? - Correct Answer- Capsule
Which group contains a pathogen that adheres to host cells by using a large adhesive disc? -
Correct Answer- Protozoans
Which phenomenon is found only in viruses? - Correct Answer- Antigenic shift
Which structure is used by certain bacteria to adhere to host tissues? - Correct Answer- Type
1 fimbrial adhesin
Which virulence factor aids in the adherence of bacterial pathogens to a host? - Correct
Answer- Pili
