SLCC Pathophysiology Exam #1 GUIDE
FROM CATT86 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
ABG's - Answer-Atrial Blood Gas levels indicate acidosis or alkalosis
Compensated by Chemical buffers, Respiratory or Metabolic systems
Compensated ABG - Answer-is when the pH is normal and the blood gas is abnormal
Uncompensated ABG - Answer-When the pH is abnormal and one of the blood gas is
abnormal
Partially Compensated ABG - Answer-When the pH and all of the blood gas is abnormal
Acute Inflammation - Answer-Begins before the immune response becomes established
and aims primarily at removing the injury causing agent and limiting the extent of tissue
damage. Acute inflammation is limited and usually resolves with little or no treatment.
Vascular Phase - Answer-SHARP
Chemical Mediators
SHARP - Answer-Swelling
Heat
Altered Function
Redness
Pain
Chemical Mediators - Answer-Causing vasodilation
Causing capillary permeability
Causing blood flow to slow down so clotting can begin
Chemical mediators signal WBCs to congregate in the area of damage
Cellular Phase - Answer-Leukocytes (primarily neutrophils - "first responders") are
delivered to the site of infection/injury and EMIGRATE through the blood vessel wall into
the tissue
WBCs move through the tissue by CHEMOTAXIS ("chemical taxi's") or moving along a
chemical gradient
Alopecia - Answer-Hair Loss
Angiogenesis - Answer-New blood vessel formation to support cancer cells
Antibodies - Answer-Attach to cell markers to prevent cellular function
, Antigens - Answer-Cell markers
Benign - Answer-Differentiated
Encased
Slow growth
On top of tissue
Do not metastasize
Tactilely Movable
Malignant - Answer-Not well differentiated
Fast growth
in the tissue
breaks off
metastasizes
Fixed-not tactilely movable
BRMs - Answer-Enhance or Repress immune system- s/s of chemo
Got DAVe
1. stop Growth signals
2. Deliver radiation and chemo directly to cells
3. stop Angiogenesis
4. make cancer more Visible to immune system
Blood Dycrasias - Answer-Anemia
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
s/s Anemia - Answer-Low O₂ fatigue, weakness
s/s Leukopenia - Answer-Low WBC infections
s/s Thrombocytopenia - Answer-Low Platelets bleeding
Cachexia - Answer-Wasting away. Increase BMR mobilizes energy in skeletal muscle
where the tumor steals away nutrients.
Cancer Cells - Answer-not well differentiated rapid uncontrollable growth
Cancer Staging - Answer-I in situ
II localized
III regional
IV metastasize
TNM - Answer-T-tumor size
N-Lymph nodes affected
FROM CATT86 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
ABG's - Answer-Atrial Blood Gas levels indicate acidosis or alkalosis
Compensated by Chemical buffers, Respiratory or Metabolic systems
Compensated ABG - Answer-is when the pH is normal and the blood gas is abnormal
Uncompensated ABG - Answer-When the pH is abnormal and one of the blood gas is
abnormal
Partially Compensated ABG - Answer-When the pH and all of the blood gas is abnormal
Acute Inflammation - Answer-Begins before the immune response becomes established
and aims primarily at removing the injury causing agent and limiting the extent of tissue
damage. Acute inflammation is limited and usually resolves with little or no treatment.
Vascular Phase - Answer-SHARP
Chemical Mediators
SHARP - Answer-Swelling
Heat
Altered Function
Redness
Pain
Chemical Mediators - Answer-Causing vasodilation
Causing capillary permeability
Causing blood flow to slow down so clotting can begin
Chemical mediators signal WBCs to congregate in the area of damage
Cellular Phase - Answer-Leukocytes (primarily neutrophils - "first responders") are
delivered to the site of infection/injury and EMIGRATE through the blood vessel wall into
the tissue
WBCs move through the tissue by CHEMOTAXIS ("chemical taxi's") or moving along a
chemical gradient
Alopecia - Answer-Hair Loss
Angiogenesis - Answer-New blood vessel formation to support cancer cells
Antibodies - Answer-Attach to cell markers to prevent cellular function
, Antigens - Answer-Cell markers
Benign - Answer-Differentiated
Encased
Slow growth
On top of tissue
Do not metastasize
Tactilely Movable
Malignant - Answer-Not well differentiated
Fast growth
in the tissue
breaks off
metastasizes
Fixed-not tactilely movable
BRMs - Answer-Enhance or Repress immune system- s/s of chemo
Got DAVe
1. stop Growth signals
2. Deliver radiation and chemo directly to cells
3. stop Angiogenesis
4. make cancer more Visible to immune system
Blood Dycrasias - Answer-Anemia
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
s/s Anemia - Answer-Low O₂ fatigue, weakness
s/s Leukopenia - Answer-Low WBC infections
s/s Thrombocytopenia - Answer-Low Platelets bleeding
Cachexia - Answer-Wasting away. Increase BMR mobilizes energy in skeletal muscle
where the tumor steals away nutrients.
Cancer Cells - Answer-not well differentiated rapid uncontrollable growth
Cancer Staging - Answer-I in situ
II localized
III regional
IV metastasize
TNM - Answer-T-tumor size
N-Lymph nodes affected
