SLCC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Acquired Immunity types - Answer-Naturally Acquired
Passively-mother's milk
Actively-infected with pathogen
Artificially Acquired
Passively-vaccine
Actively-Serum gamma globulin
Actinic Keratosis - Answer-Premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can →
squamous cell carcinoma.
Adrenal Gland Abnormalities - Answer-Addison's Disease→Hyposecretion of Adrenal
Cortical
Cushing's Disease→Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortical
Pheochromocytoma→Hypersecretion of catecholamines
Angioma - Answer-benign tumors derived from cells of the vascular or lymphatic vessel
walls (endothelium) or derived from cells of the tissues surrounding these vessels
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Answer-Starts with Acute lung injury/insult (ALI)
First Stage→Respiratory Alkalosis→hyperventilation
Intermediate stage→ACIDOSIS Respiratory→ hypoventilation and Metabolic K⁺ cell
breakdown
Intermediate stage→PULMONARY EDEMA →cell breakdown turns on inflammatory
response
Intermediate state→BLOOD CLOTTING platelets responds to inflammation further
blocking perfusion
Late stage→RESPIRATORY FAILURE continued acidosis
Autonomic Dysreflexia - Answer-is an abnormal cardiovascular response to stimulation
of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; occurs as a result of
stimulation of the bladder, large intestine, or other visceral organs not being able to
send correct signals
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - Answer-Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate
gland. Age-related but otherwise unknown etiology.
Frequency, urgency, straining to void, decreased urine stream, incontinence,
impotence, palpable prostate, nocturia. Can give a false-positive PSA test
TURP - Answer-Transurethral Resection of the Prostate an instrument is inserted up the
urethra to remove the section of the prostate that is blocking urine flow in BPH
, Blood Components - Answer-Myeloid Cells Bone
RBC Kidney Erythropoietin
WBC Thymus T-lymphocytes
Platelets Liver Thrombopoietin
RBC - Answer-provide oxygen
WBC - Answer-Granulocytes
Basophils-allergic reaction Histamines
Eosinophils-allergy and parasites
Neutrophil
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes-B and T-(timely)
Monocytes→Macrophages→ phagocytosis
Platelets - Answer-Thrombocytes→ Clotting
Burn Treatment - Answer-Give Hypertonic fluid to prevent hypervolemia
Watch for fluid overload due to sudden improvement give hypotonic to provide tissue
with fluid
Give Electrolytes that were lost
Cardiogenic Shock - Answer-Myocardial damage that causes the heart to fail to pump
blood sufficiently to meet the body's demand.
Cells of Inflammation - Answer-endothelial, platelet, leukocytes
Endothelial Cells of Inflammation - Answer-line the blood vessels - Produces chemicals
that
a. vasodilate or vasoconstrict
b. cause blood thinning/prevent clotting (to keep vein open)
c. allow entrance/exit into and out of the blood vessel (vessel wall permeability)
d. control inflammatory mediators
Platelets of Inflammation - Answer-thrombocytes
a. Responsible for blood coagulation/clotting
b. Platelets release of over 300 potent inflammatory mediators
Leukocytes of Inflammation - Answer-They are the major cellular component of the
inflammatory response
The term "LEUKOCYTOSIS" means a higher than normal production of White Blood
Cells (usually neutrophils) in the blood, and is a common indicator of inflammation and
infection.
WBCs are classified as either GRANULOCYTES or AGRANULOCYTES
Types of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) - Answer-Ischemic Throbmitic CVA
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Acquired Immunity types - Answer-Naturally Acquired
Passively-mother's milk
Actively-infected with pathogen
Artificially Acquired
Passively-vaccine
Actively-Serum gamma globulin
Actinic Keratosis - Answer-Premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can →
squamous cell carcinoma.
Adrenal Gland Abnormalities - Answer-Addison's Disease→Hyposecretion of Adrenal
Cortical
Cushing's Disease→Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortical
Pheochromocytoma→Hypersecretion of catecholamines
Angioma - Answer-benign tumors derived from cells of the vascular or lymphatic vessel
walls (endothelium) or derived from cells of the tissues surrounding these vessels
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Answer-Starts with Acute lung injury/insult (ALI)
First Stage→Respiratory Alkalosis→hyperventilation
Intermediate stage→ACIDOSIS Respiratory→ hypoventilation and Metabolic K⁺ cell
breakdown
Intermediate stage→PULMONARY EDEMA →cell breakdown turns on inflammatory
response
Intermediate state→BLOOD CLOTTING platelets responds to inflammation further
blocking perfusion
Late stage→RESPIRATORY FAILURE continued acidosis
Autonomic Dysreflexia - Answer-is an abnormal cardiovascular response to stimulation
of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; occurs as a result of
stimulation of the bladder, large intestine, or other visceral organs not being able to
send correct signals
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - Answer-Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate
gland. Age-related but otherwise unknown etiology.
Frequency, urgency, straining to void, decreased urine stream, incontinence,
impotence, palpable prostate, nocturia. Can give a false-positive PSA test
TURP - Answer-Transurethral Resection of the Prostate an instrument is inserted up the
urethra to remove the section of the prostate that is blocking urine flow in BPH
, Blood Components - Answer-Myeloid Cells Bone
RBC Kidney Erythropoietin
WBC Thymus T-lymphocytes
Platelets Liver Thrombopoietin
RBC - Answer-provide oxygen
WBC - Answer-Granulocytes
Basophils-allergic reaction Histamines
Eosinophils-allergy and parasites
Neutrophil
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes-B and T-(timely)
Monocytes→Macrophages→ phagocytosis
Platelets - Answer-Thrombocytes→ Clotting
Burn Treatment - Answer-Give Hypertonic fluid to prevent hypervolemia
Watch for fluid overload due to sudden improvement give hypotonic to provide tissue
with fluid
Give Electrolytes that were lost
Cardiogenic Shock - Answer-Myocardial damage that causes the heart to fail to pump
blood sufficiently to meet the body's demand.
Cells of Inflammation - Answer-endothelial, platelet, leukocytes
Endothelial Cells of Inflammation - Answer-line the blood vessels - Produces chemicals
that
a. vasodilate or vasoconstrict
b. cause blood thinning/prevent clotting (to keep vein open)
c. allow entrance/exit into and out of the blood vessel (vessel wall permeability)
d. control inflammatory mediators
Platelets of Inflammation - Answer-thrombocytes
a. Responsible for blood coagulation/clotting
b. Platelets release of over 300 potent inflammatory mediators
Leukocytes of Inflammation - Answer-They are the major cellular component of the
inflammatory response
The term "LEUKOCYTOSIS" means a higher than normal production of White Blood
Cells (usually neutrophils) in the blood, and is a common indicator of inflammation and
infection.
WBCs are classified as either GRANULOCYTES or AGRANULOCYTES
Types of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) - Answer-Ischemic Throbmitic CVA
