PRD FINAL EXAM
2024 QUESTIONS
WITH 100%
CORRECT
SOLUTIONS!!
Evatee 8/7/24 PRD
,PRD FINAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS!!
Types of pain by origin Answer - -cutaneous/superficial: arises in the skin or
the sq tissue (hot stove ouch remove hand
-deep somatic: originates in ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and
bones (more localized and described as achy or tender-from bone cancer and
arthritis)
-visceral: is caused by the stimulation of deep internal pain receptors. it most
often experienced in the abd. cavity, cranium, or thorax (described as a
cramping pain and tight pressure=strong clue to the cause such as period, GI
infections, bowel disorders
classification of pain Answer - -radiating/referred: extends to the other
locations= ex) heart attack then to left arm, sore throat extends to ears
-phantom: perceived to originate form an area that has been surgically
removed (removed leg that itches)
-psychogenic: believed to arise from the mind
classification of pain by cause Answer - -nociceptive: nociceptors, respond to
stimuli that are potentially damaging (tissue damage)
-neuropathic: comlex and often chronic pain that arise when injury to one or
more nerves (trauma, surgery, or inflammation ): nerve damamge
description of pain Answer - -quality: described as sharp, dull, aching,
throbbing, stabbing, burning, ripping, searing, or tingling
-periodicity: referred to as episodic, intermittent or constant
-intensity: mild, distracting, moderate severe, or intolerable
, pain classified by duration Answer - acute: rapid onset, short duration, varies
in intensity, educate pt to know tissue will heal and pain willl be gone
-chronic: >6 months (remission and exacerbation sometimes)
-intractable: chronic and highly resistant to releif, may use multiple modalities
to treat this kind fo pain
physiology of pain Answer - -transduction: activiation of nociceptors by stimuli
-transmission: conduction of pain message to spinal cord
-pain perception: recognizing and defining pain in cortex
-pain modulation: changing pain perception
assessing pain Answer - -pain history: onset location, aggravating/alleviating
factors
-nonverbal signs: elevated pulse/bp, crying, moaning, grimacing
Parmacological measures for pain Answer - -nonopioid analgesics: NSAIDs,
acetaminophen
-adjuvant analgesics
-opioid analgesics: include IV, trandermal, and epidural forms, client controlled
analgesia pumps
chemical pain releif measures Answer - -nerve blocks, epidural injection, local
anethesia, topic anesthesia
special nursing consideration for pain Answer - -managing pain in elderly
-managing pain in clients w addictions
-use of placebos
2024 QUESTIONS
WITH 100%
CORRECT
SOLUTIONS!!
Evatee 8/7/24 PRD
,PRD FINAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS!!
Types of pain by origin Answer - -cutaneous/superficial: arises in the skin or
the sq tissue (hot stove ouch remove hand
-deep somatic: originates in ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and
bones (more localized and described as achy or tender-from bone cancer and
arthritis)
-visceral: is caused by the stimulation of deep internal pain receptors. it most
often experienced in the abd. cavity, cranium, or thorax (described as a
cramping pain and tight pressure=strong clue to the cause such as period, GI
infections, bowel disorders
classification of pain Answer - -radiating/referred: extends to the other
locations= ex) heart attack then to left arm, sore throat extends to ears
-phantom: perceived to originate form an area that has been surgically
removed (removed leg that itches)
-psychogenic: believed to arise from the mind
classification of pain by cause Answer - -nociceptive: nociceptors, respond to
stimuli that are potentially damaging (tissue damage)
-neuropathic: comlex and often chronic pain that arise when injury to one or
more nerves (trauma, surgery, or inflammation ): nerve damamge
description of pain Answer - -quality: described as sharp, dull, aching,
throbbing, stabbing, burning, ripping, searing, or tingling
-periodicity: referred to as episodic, intermittent or constant
-intensity: mild, distracting, moderate severe, or intolerable
, pain classified by duration Answer - acute: rapid onset, short duration, varies
in intensity, educate pt to know tissue will heal and pain willl be gone
-chronic: >6 months (remission and exacerbation sometimes)
-intractable: chronic and highly resistant to releif, may use multiple modalities
to treat this kind fo pain
physiology of pain Answer - -transduction: activiation of nociceptors by stimuli
-transmission: conduction of pain message to spinal cord
-pain perception: recognizing and defining pain in cortex
-pain modulation: changing pain perception
assessing pain Answer - -pain history: onset location, aggravating/alleviating
factors
-nonverbal signs: elevated pulse/bp, crying, moaning, grimacing
Parmacological measures for pain Answer - -nonopioid analgesics: NSAIDs,
acetaminophen
-adjuvant analgesics
-opioid analgesics: include IV, trandermal, and epidural forms, client controlled
analgesia pumps
chemical pain releif measures Answer - -nerve blocks, epidural injection, local
anethesia, topic anesthesia
special nursing consideration for pain Answer - -managing pain in elderly
-managing pain in clients w addictions
-use of placebos
