NSG 304 - Midterm Study Guide Terms in this set (48) What is the purpose of a BlackBox warning? It's a warning - a special alert required by the FDA to note that a drug, or class of drugs, has potential for causing serious injury or death. How

NSG 304 - Midterm Study Guide Terms in this set (48) What is the purpose of a BlackBox warning? It's a warning - a special alert required by the FDA to note that a drug, or class of drugs, has potential for causing serious injury or death. How are schedule II drugs monitored and kept in compliance with DEA? A special order form must be used to obtain Schedule II drugs, and orders must be written and signed by the healthcare provider. **Telephone orders to a pharmacy are not permitted. **Refills for Schedule II drugs are not permitted: patients must visit their healthcare provider first. Hospitals and pharmacies must register with the Drug Enforcement Agency (D E A) **Must use assigned number to purchase scheduled drugs **Must maintain complete records of all quantities purchased and sold **Healthcare providers must also register in order to prescribe these drugs What is the difference between a generic and trade name medication? Generic- A pharmaceutical company develops a drug and gives it an official name. Generic names are not capitalized. It's less expensive than Trade brand. Example: acetaminophen Trade- The drugs commercial or proprietary name which is capitalized and may vary according to the company producing and marketing it. Has the same chemical composition as the trade drug. Example: Tylenol What drug route (PO, IM, IV) is best for an emergency situation? IV What happens to a drug during the first pass in the liver? The first-pass effect is when a drug gets metabolized at a specific location in the body (usually in the liver) that results in a reduced concentration of the active drug upon reaching its site of action or the systemic circulation. Who is responsible if a nurse gives too large of a dose as ordered by the provider? Nurse What are the steps in the nursing process? Assessment and data collection; gather info from client, current status and history. Check vitals. Monitor laboratory results. Allergy record and medication record. Determine if med and dosage are appropriate at this time. Diagnose: clinical judgements of a patient’s actual or potential health problem within a nurse’s scope of practice to address. Planning: Do not rush, calculate and measure dosage. Verify calculations. Implementation:Explain to client what you are doing, Provide instructions and info about medication according to clients needs. Only administer meds that you prepare. Follow all laws and regulations. Evaluation: identify and document clients' response to meds. Is it having an intended therapeutic effect? Adverse effects ? Errors ? Ask client to explain how they should be taking their meds and if they understand, especially if going home with something new. Should nurses document herbs that a patient is taking? Why or why not? YES, this is because herbs can interfere with how medication works and cause unwanted side effects or interfere with how to drug works. What is evidence-based nursing practice? EBP is a process used to review, analyze, and translate the latest scientific evidence. The goal is to quickly incorporate the best available research, along with clinical experience and patient preference, into clinical practice, so nurses can make informed patient-care decisions. Should a patient take acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain and inflammation? Why is one preferred over the other? ibuprofen because it works as anti-inflammatory with other benefits while acetaminophen works as pain reliever & fever reducer. What fever-reducing medication should not be given to a child who has fever and also influenza because of the risk of developing life-threatening Reye’s syndrome? Aspirin (don't give to kids with fever & influenza) What organ is likely to be damaged with long term NSAID use? Kidney What organ is likely to be damaged with long term use of acetaminophen? Acute liver failure What are the signs of salicylism (aspirin poisoning)? Signs include: Tinnitus (ringing/buzzing noises) Dizziness and/or headache Mental confusion Diaphoresis (sweating) Tachypnea (rapid breathing), which can result in respiratory alkalosis. What is the antidote for post-anesthesia respiratory depression? Naloxone (Narcan) What should a nurse assess following opioid administration? Assess vital signs and pulse oximetry. Also make sure to auscultate the lungs for congestion since the most serious adverse drug reaction is respiratory depression. Next monitor bowel functions and provide fiber or stool softeners as needed. Next, monitor ambulation, in case they experience orthostatic hypotension. Then, monitor intake and output and watch for signs of urinary retention. What does local anesthesia do? Loss of sensation to a relatively small part of the body for a brief medical or dental procedure. The patient is usually awake during local anesthesia. NSG 304 - Midterm Study Guide What medication is used to treat bradycardia? Atropine What is myasthenia gravis? What neurotransmitter is deficient? Motor disorder caused by a destruction of nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscles and characterized by profound muscular fatigue. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that's deficient. What is the goal when giving donepezil to a patient with Alzheimer's? The medication improves a patient's cognitive quality of life. It prevents production of acetylcholinesterase, aka memantine, that prevents further nerve damage. What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning? acetylcysteine When a nurse is asked by the patient for a recommendation for an OTC medication, what must the nurse consider first? What medications they are on, what will interact with them, and allergies What is a contraindication for a patient taking an antihistamine? Clients who have systemic fungal infection, or cataracts should avoid taking. Patients who have heart failure, peptic ulcer disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensions, renal dysfunction, myasthenia gravis, and osteoporosis should be given with caution. What type of hypersensitivity reaction would cause anaphylaxis? Type 1 What is the purpose/function for using an inhaled steroid? Reduce swelling/inflammation in airway What is the first-line medication for an asthma attack (drug class)? beta 2 Adrenergic agonist Example: albuterol What are signs of theophylline overdose? Anorexia Nausea Vomiting Agitation Nervousness Insomnia Tachycardia & other dysrhythmias and tonic-clonic convulsions How does Montelukast help with asthma? It prevents airway edema and inflammation by blocking leukotriene receptors in the airways. What is a major side effect for a patient who received atropine for bradycardia? Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention Increased heart rate Enlarged pupils Eye sensitivity to light. Why are anticholinergics administered preoperatively? To dry secretions and to suppress the bradycardia caused by some anesthetics. Tremor and pill rolling behaviors are classic for which condition? Parkinson's disease Prior to giving medications to treat Parkinson's the nurse needs to check which lab? renal labs (kidney) What risk does a patient have if they Can result in seizures to start again or happen more often/last longer than usual prior NSG 304 - Midterm Study Guide Are all brands of anti-seizure medication interchangeable? Can patients change brands without any negative effects? All brands of anti-seizure medication are not interchangeable, if patients change brands, it may result in differing pharmacokinetics and alterations in their seizure control. Which anti-seizure medications can be given IV during status epilepticus? Administer diazepam or lorazepam (IV) When taking cyclobenzaprine, what beverage is contraindicated? Alcohol What patient population requires smaller doses & close monitoring of morphine? Renal failure patients, hypotensive patients, orthostatic patients, patients on anti- hypertensive medications What are the side effects of opioids? Nausea Vomiting Constipation Sedation Respiratory depression What is the best way to evaluate pain after administering a pain med? Ask the patients to rate their pain and if it's different. Monitor patient's vitals, and to monitor side effects and or adverse effects.