Cardiovascular Adult Health Exam Questions With Answers 2024 Updated Exam

Cardiovascular Adult Health Exam
Questions With Answers 2024
Updated Exam
The nurse is assigned to assist with caring for a client after cardiac catheterization. The
nurse should plan to maintain bed rest for this client in which position?

1.
High-Fowler's position

2.
Lateral (side-lying) position

3.
Head elevation of 45 degrees

4.
Head elevation of no more than 30 degrees - ANSWER- 4. Head elevation of no more
than 30 degrees

Rationale:
After cardiac catheterization, the extremity into which the catheter was inserted is kept
straight for the prescribed time period. The client may turn from side to side. The client
is placed in the supine position and the head of the bed is not elevated to more than 30
degrees to keep the affected leg straight at the groin and prevent arterial occlusion.
Bathroom privileges are not allowed during the immediate postcatheterization period.
For the high-Fowler's position, the head of the bed is elevated 90 degrees.

A postcardiac surgery client with a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 45 mg/dL and a
serum creatinine level of 2.2 mg/dL has a total 2-hour urine output of 25 mL. The nurse
understands that the client is at risk for which?

1.
Hypovolemia

2.
Acute kidney injury

3.
Glomerulonephritis

4.
Urinary tract infection - ANSWER- 2. Acute kidney injury

,Rationale:
The client who undergoes cardiac surgery is at risk for acute kidney injury from poor
perfusion, hemolysis, low cardiac output, or vasopressor medication therapy. Kidney
injury is signaled by a decreased urine output and increased BUN and creatinine levels.
The client may need medications to increase renal perfusion and could need peritoneal
dialysis or hemodialysis.

The nurse is preparing to ambulate a postoperative client after cardiac surgery. The
nurse plans to do which to enable the client to best tolerate the ambulation?

1.
Provide the client with a walker.

2.
Remove the telemetry equipment.

3.
Encourage the client to cough and deep breathe.

4.
Premedicate the client with an analgesic before ambulating. - ANSWER- 4.
Premedicate the client with an analgesic before ambulating.

Rationale:
The nurse should encourage regular use of pain medication for the first 48 to 72 hours
after cardiac surgery, because analgesia will promote rest, decrease myocardial oxygen
consumption caused by pain, and allow better participation in activities such as
coughing, deep breathing, and ambulation.

A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to alarm at the nurse's
station. The nurse sees no electrocardiographic complexes on the screen. The nurse
should do which first?

1.
Call a code blue.

2.
Call the health care provider.

3.
Check the client status and lead placement.

4.
Press the recorder button on the ECG console. - ANSWER- 4. Press the recorder
button on the ECG console.

,Rationale:
Sudden loss of electrocardiographic complexes indicates ventricular asystole or
possibly electrode displacement. Checking of the client and equipment is the first action
by the nurse.

The nurse in a medical unit is caring for a client with heart failure. The client suddenly
develops extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and lung crackles, and the nurse suspects
pulmonary edema. The nurse immediately notifies the registered nurse and expects
which interventions to be prescribed? Select all that apply.

1.
Administering oxygen

2.
Inserting a Foley catheter

3.
Administering furosemide (Lasix)

4.
Administering morphine sulfate intravenously

5.
Transporting the client to the coronary care unit

6.
Placing the client in a low-Fowler's side-lying position - ANSWER- 1. Administering
oxygen

2. Inserting a Foley catheter

3. Administering furosemide (Lasix)

4. Administering morphine sulfate intravenously

Rationale:
Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening event that can result from severe heart failure. In
pulmonary edema the left ventricle fails to eject sufficient blood, and pressure increases
in the lungs because of the accumulated blood. Oxygen is always prescribed, and the
client is placed in a high-Fowler's position to ease the work of breathing. Furosemide, a
rapid-acting diuretic, will eliminate accumulated fluid. A Foley catheter is inserted to
accurately measure output. Intravenously administered morphine sulfate reduces
venous return (preload), decreases anxiety, and reduces the work of breathing.
Transporting the client to the coronary care unit is not a priority intervention. In fact, this
may not be necessary at all if the client's response to treatment is successful.

, The nurse is monitoring a client following cardioversion. Which observations should be
of highest priority to the nurse?

1.
Blood pressure

2.
Status of airway

3.
Oxygen flow rate

4.
Level of consciousness - ANSWER- 2. Status of airway

Rationale:
Nursing responsibilities after cardioversion include maintenance of a patent airway,
oxygen administration, assessment of vital signs and level of consciousness, and
dysrhythmia detection. Airway is the priority.

The nurse is assisting in caring for the client immediately after insertion of a permanent
demand pacemaker via the right subclavian vein. The nurse prevents dislodgement of
the pacing catheter by implementing which intervention?

1.
Limiting movement and abduction of the left arm

2.
Limiting movement and abduction of the right arm

3.
Assisting the client to get out of bed and ambulate with a walker

4.
Having the physical therapist do active range of motion to the right arm - ANSWER- 2.
Limiting movement and abduction of the right arm

Rationale:
In the first several hours after insertion of either a permanent or temporary pacemaker,
the most common complication is pacing electrode dislodgment. The nurse helps
prevent this complication by limiting the client's activities.

A client diagnosed with thrombophlebitis 1 day ago suddenly complains of chest pain
and shortness of breath, and the client is visibly anxious. The nurse understands that a
life-threatening complication of this condition is which?