PH 3300 Exam 1 Review Questions with Correct
Answers
Epidemiology Correct Answer ✓✓ concerned with the distribution and
determinants of health and disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and
mortality in populations
Epidemic Correct Answer ✓✓ the occurrence in a community or region
of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior or any other
health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Pandemic Correct Answer ✓✓ an epidemic occurring worldwide, or
over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually
affecting a large number of people
Distribution Correct Answer ✓✓ the occurrence of diseases and other
health outcomes varies in populations, with some subgroups of the
populations more frequently affected than others
Determinant Correct Answer ✓✓ A collective or individual risk factor
(or set of factors) that is causally related to a health condition, outcome,
or other defined characteristic
Exposure Correct Answer ✓✓ pertain either to contact with a disease-
causing factor or to the amount of the factor that impinges upon a group
or individuals
,Outcome Correct Answer ✓✓ all the possible results that may stem
from exposure to a casual factor
Risk factor Correct Answer ✓✓ an exposure that is associated with a
disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome
Descriptive epidemiology Correct Answer ✓✓ epidemiologic studies
that are concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of
health and disease within a population
Analytic epidemiology Correct Answer ✓✓ A type of epidemiology that
examines causal (etiologic) hypotheses regarding the association
between exposures and health conditions. The field of analytic
epidemiology proposes and evaluates causal models for etiologic
associations and studies them empirically.
Epidemiologic transition Correct Answer ✓✓ a shift in the patterns of
morbidity and mortality from causes related primarily to infectious and
communicable diseases to causes associated with chronic, degenerative
diseases
Demographic transition Correct Answer ✓✓ a shift from high birth rates
and death rate found in agrarian societies to much lower birth and death
rates in developed societies
Risk assessment Correct Answer ✓✓ a process for identifying adverse
consequences and their associated probability
, Key characteristics of epidemiology: Correct Answer ✓✓ population
focus, distribution, determinants, outcomes, quantification, control of
health problems
Hippocrates Correct Answer ✓✓ Father of modern medicine
Paracelsus Correct Answer ✓✓ toxicology co founder
developed dose-response relationship and target organ specificity
chemicals
John Graunt Correct Answer ✓✓ quantifying characteristics of birth and
death
Ramazzini Correct Answer ✓✓ founder of occupational medicine
Sir Percival Pott Correct Answer ✓✓ first to describe an environmental
cause of cancer
Edward Jenner Correct Answer ✓✓ first to develop smallpox vaccine
William Farr Correct Answer ✓✓ Developed a more sophisticated
system for codifying medical conditions
tracked occupational mortality
Answers
Epidemiology Correct Answer ✓✓ concerned with the distribution and
determinants of health and disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and
mortality in populations
Epidemic Correct Answer ✓✓ the occurrence in a community or region
of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior or any other
health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Pandemic Correct Answer ✓✓ an epidemic occurring worldwide, or
over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually
affecting a large number of people
Distribution Correct Answer ✓✓ the occurrence of diseases and other
health outcomes varies in populations, with some subgroups of the
populations more frequently affected than others
Determinant Correct Answer ✓✓ A collective or individual risk factor
(or set of factors) that is causally related to a health condition, outcome,
or other defined characteristic
Exposure Correct Answer ✓✓ pertain either to contact with a disease-
causing factor or to the amount of the factor that impinges upon a group
or individuals
,Outcome Correct Answer ✓✓ all the possible results that may stem
from exposure to a casual factor
Risk factor Correct Answer ✓✓ an exposure that is associated with a
disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome
Descriptive epidemiology Correct Answer ✓✓ epidemiologic studies
that are concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of
health and disease within a population
Analytic epidemiology Correct Answer ✓✓ A type of epidemiology that
examines causal (etiologic) hypotheses regarding the association
between exposures and health conditions. The field of analytic
epidemiology proposes and evaluates causal models for etiologic
associations and studies them empirically.
Epidemiologic transition Correct Answer ✓✓ a shift in the patterns of
morbidity and mortality from causes related primarily to infectious and
communicable diseases to causes associated with chronic, degenerative
diseases
Demographic transition Correct Answer ✓✓ a shift from high birth rates
and death rate found in agrarian societies to much lower birth and death
rates in developed societies
Risk assessment Correct Answer ✓✓ a process for identifying adverse
consequences and their associated probability
, Key characteristics of epidemiology: Correct Answer ✓✓ population
focus, distribution, determinants, outcomes, quantification, control of
health problems
Hippocrates Correct Answer ✓✓ Father of modern medicine
Paracelsus Correct Answer ✓✓ toxicology co founder
developed dose-response relationship and target organ specificity
chemicals
John Graunt Correct Answer ✓✓ quantifying characteristics of birth and
death
Ramazzini Correct Answer ✓✓ founder of occupational medicine
Sir Percival Pott Correct Answer ✓✓ first to describe an environmental
cause of cancer
Edward Jenner Correct Answer ✓✓ first to develop smallpox vaccine
William Farr Correct Answer ✓✓ Developed a more sophisticated
system for codifying medical conditions
tracked occupational mortality
