Law enforcement Study Guide Questions And Complete Detailed Answers.

law enforcement agency: - correct answer 1) Prevent crime 2) Investigating crime and apprehending criminals 3) Maintaining order 4) Providing other miscellaneous services Police Officer - correct answer a nonmilitary person who is employed by a government agency and has the legal status of a peace officer Peace Officer - correct answer a status granted to individuals who have certain powers not available to ordinary citizens and who provide certain legal protections. Myths about policing: - correct answer The Crime Fighter Myth 1) Enforce the law 2) Investigate crime 3) Arrest criminals Sources of this myth/How they are perpetuated 1) Entertainment media 2) News media 3) Police themselves The CSI Effect - correct answer the influence popular crime and forensic TV shows have on the public - especially jurors involved in criminal trials Factors that shape policing - correct answer Police are 24/7 • People call and police promise to respond • Police are generalists • Authority to use force • Police are part of the system of social control POP - Problem Oriented Policing - correct answer Herman Goldstein argues that police should disaggregate their workload, identify recurring problems, and develop strategies to reduce or eliminate those problems COP - Community Oriented Policing - correct answer holds that the police should work closely with community residents, instead of being an inward-looking bureaucracy; that should emphasize crime prevention, as opposed to law enforcement; that they should decentralize the decision-making authority rank-and-file officers, as opposed to the top-down military-style organization. ZTP - Zero-Tolerance Policing - correct answer concentrates on relatively minor quality-of-life issues such as urinating in public and "fare-beating" and argues that tough enforcement on these minor crimes directly contributes to a significant reduction in serious crime Team Policing - correct answer involves restructuring police operations along neighborhood lines and decentralizing decision-making authority The Father of Modern Policing - correct answer Sir Robert Peel 3 Eras of Policing - correct answer 1) The Political Era (1830's - 1900) 2) The Professional Era ('s) 3) The Era of Conflicting Pressures (1960's - Present) Kansas City Patrol Experiment - correct answer tested the effect of different levels of patrol on crime and found that increased patrol did not reduce crime, while reduced patrol did not lead to an increased in crime or public fear of crime. The Kerner Commission - correct answer created in 1967 to study issues of race relations, found that hostility between the police and ghetto communities was a major cause for disorder. The Wickersham Commission - correct answer created in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover as the first national study of the American criminal justice system Industry Perspective - correct answer provides a consumer perspective on policing ; on a typical day average citizens receive police services from several agencies Fragmentation Issue - correct answer 1) Lack of Coordination between agencies 2) Crime Displacement 3) Duplication of Services 4) Inconsistent Standards How we determine Police Population Ratio - correct answer Number of officers per 1,000 residents - national average: 2.3 officers per thousand State Police - correct answer agencies having statewide police powers for both traffic regulation and criminal investigations Highway Patrol - correct answer agencies having statewide authority to enforce traffic regulations and arrest non-traffic violators under their jurisdiction Negative Stereotypes - correct answer view officers as uneducated, untrained, predjudiced, brutal, and corrupt Positive Stereotypes - correct answer views them as heroic saints, risking their lives in the face of hostility from the public, media and the courts. Community Policing - correct answer attempts to modify the police organization through debureaucratization Civil Service - correct answer represents a set of formal and legally binging procedures governing personnel decisions - purpose to ensure that personnel decisions are based on objective