PALS ALL PALS
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation
during bag-mask ventilation? - deliver each breath over about 1 sec
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? -
may increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - the child
is stable
How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? -
Coach to midrange targets
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - may be
caused by disordered control of breathing
which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - may occur
without signs of respiratory distress
which is most likely to present in a child who has respiratory distress (not
respiratory failure)? - ability to maintain patent airway
which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-
inflating bag? - tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
what should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? -
the pop-off valve can be closed
oxygen tubing is connected to the device and the oxygen source
,what element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to
correct actions? - constructive intervention
when may pulse oximetry be inaccurate? - the displayed heart rate does not
correlate with the child's heart rate
a chest compression fraction of at least 60% is recommended, and a goal of
80% is often achievable with good teamwork - 60%, 80%
what is the first step for an intubated child whose condition deteriorates? -
support oxygenation and ventilation
what are the common cause of upper airway obstruction? - airway swelling
thick secretions
tonsillar hypertrophy (airway swelling)
which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in
infants? - large tongue
large occiput
what are the signs of upper airway obstruction? - stridor
use of accessory muscles
which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction? - foreign body
obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
,in a less severe case of upper airway obstruction in a child, what intervention
can relieve obstruction caused by the tongue? - insert an oral airway
a child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a
pulse oximetry reading of 93% on room air, and retractions at rest.
what is the severity of the child's presentation? - moderate croup
an 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse
cry and barking cough. His mother says that during the night, her son had
difficulty breathing, which has progressively worsened throughout the day.
the infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency? - Upper airway
obstruction
according to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct
assessments to perform during the evaluation phase? - initial, primary,
secondary
the infant is responsive and is breathing.
what is an initial measure that you can perform to maintain his airway? - sit
him up
what are the components of breathing assessment? - lung and airway sounds
chest expansion and air movement
oxygen saturation
respiratory rate
respiratory effort
, when calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to avoid injury to the
subglottic area, you should use an endotracheal tube that is: - half a size
smaller than predicted for the child
how do infants initially respond to lower airway obstruction? - decreased
interpleural pressure
the anticipated results of the nebulized treatment should include which of the
following improvements in the patient? - decreased bronchoconstriction
decreased respiratory effort
decreased airway edema
if the patient does not improve with medication, what is your next intervention
to ensure oxygenation? - noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
what are the characteristics of shock? - decreased level of consciousness
inadequate peripheral perfusion
decreased end-organ perfusion
what will occur if adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues is not mainatined? -
organ dysfunction
what are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - deliver oxygen
to body tissues
removes metabolic by-products of cellular metabolism
As more time passes between the onset of signs of shock and the restoration
of adequate oxygen delivery and organ perfusion, the outcome is worse -
worse
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation
during bag-mask ventilation? - deliver each breath over about 1 sec
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? -
may increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - the child
is stable
How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? -
Coach to midrange targets
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - may be
caused by disordered control of breathing
which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - may occur
without signs of respiratory distress
which is most likely to present in a child who has respiratory distress (not
respiratory failure)? - ability to maintain patent airway
which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-
inflating bag? - tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
what should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? -
the pop-off valve can be closed
oxygen tubing is connected to the device and the oxygen source
,what element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to
correct actions? - constructive intervention
when may pulse oximetry be inaccurate? - the displayed heart rate does not
correlate with the child's heart rate
a chest compression fraction of at least 60% is recommended, and a goal of
80% is often achievable with good teamwork - 60%, 80%
what is the first step for an intubated child whose condition deteriorates? -
support oxygenation and ventilation
what are the common cause of upper airway obstruction? - airway swelling
thick secretions
tonsillar hypertrophy (airway swelling)
which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in
infants? - large tongue
large occiput
what are the signs of upper airway obstruction? - stridor
use of accessory muscles
which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction? - foreign body
obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
,in a less severe case of upper airway obstruction in a child, what intervention
can relieve obstruction caused by the tongue? - insert an oral airway
a child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a
pulse oximetry reading of 93% on room air, and retractions at rest.
what is the severity of the child's presentation? - moderate croup
an 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse
cry and barking cough. His mother says that during the night, her son had
difficulty breathing, which has progressively worsened throughout the day.
the infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency? - Upper airway
obstruction
according to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct
assessments to perform during the evaluation phase? - initial, primary,
secondary
the infant is responsive and is breathing.
what is an initial measure that you can perform to maintain his airway? - sit
him up
what are the components of breathing assessment? - lung and airway sounds
chest expansion and air movement
oxygen saturation
respiratory rate
respiratory effort
, when calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to avoid injury to the
subglottic area, you should use an endotracheal tube that is: - half a size
smaller than predicted for the child
how do infants initially respond to lower airway obstruction? - decreased
interpleural pressure
the anticipated results of the nebulized treatment should include which of the
following improvements in the patient? - decreased bronchoconstriction
decreased respiratory effort
decreased airway edema
if the patient does not improve with medication, what is your next intervention
to ensure oxygenation? - noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
what are the characteristics of shock? - decreased level of consciousness
inadequate peripheral perfusion
decreased end-organ perfusion
what will occur if adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues is not mainatined? -
organ dysfunction
what are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - deliver oxygen
to body tissues
removes metabolic by-products of cellular metabolism
As more time passes between the onset of signs of shock and the restoration
of adequate oxygen delivery and organ perfusion, the outcome is worse -
worse
