Straighterline Intro to Psychology - Topic 1 test with 100- correct answers.

Psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental processes 3 key terms in psychology Science, behavior, mental processes Science The use of systematic methods to observe the natural world, including human behavior, and to draw conclusions Behavior Everything we do that can be directly observed Mental processes The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly 4 core scientific attitudes Critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity Critical thinking the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence Results of psychological research are often counterintuitive Empirical Method gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and logical reasoning The most common place to find psychologists employed are academic settings Psychology has roots in disciplines such as Philosophy, biology, and physiology Wilhelm Wundt German physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig Structuralism Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements, or structures, of mental processes William James founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment Functionalism James's approach to mental processes, emphasizing the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment Natural selection Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and produce offspring 7 approaches to psychology Biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, sociocultural Biological approach An approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system Neuroscience The scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system, emphasizing that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion Behavioral approach An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. Two 20th century leaders of Behaviorism John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner Psychodynamic approach An approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences. Sigmund Freud Founder of psychodynamic approach and psychoanalysis Humanistic approach An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny Cognitive approach An approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems Evolutionary approach An approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors Sociocultural approach An approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior Summary of the Scientific Method 1. Observe phenomena 2. Formulate hypotheses and predictions 3. Test through empirical research 4. Draw conclusions