BIO-201 Lecture Exam 1 (2024) questions and answers.docx

What does pathology mean? study of disease what is the six levels of structural organization chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism The heart is what level of structural organization? organ A myocyte is what level of structural organization? cellular Why would a myocyte be cellular? Because cyte= cell What does catabolism do? breaks down What does anabolism do? build up What is metabolism? the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. What is homeostasis? balance (equilibrium) What helps maintain homeostasis? nervous system (wires) and endocrine system (hormones) What is intrinsic regulation a small problem in the body example of intrinsic regulation If your toe becomes to cold it will be out of homeostasis, but that's just a miner problem and the body will fix it it's self. What is extrinsic regulation? a large problem in the body example of extrinsic regulation If your body gets out of homeostasis it becomes a big problem. Just like diabetes, for that you take insulin which brings back homeostasis. What are the three ways of maintaining homeostasis? Receptor (sensor), control center (integrator), and effector What is the receptor? an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to the control center. What does the control center do? determines set point, analyzes information, determines appropriate response What is the effector? Fixes the problem of the body to bring it back to homeostasis What is negative feedback? a system to keep the body in homeostasis if it ever falls out of homeostasis. What is postive feedback? child birth or a clotting of the blood Is blood pressure a negative or positive feedback? Negative feedback What happens when the T3/ TA gets out of homeostasis? The Hypothalamus in the brain releases a hormone to the the thyroid to get back to homeostasis. What is a hydrogen bond? a week bond between two molecules What is the alveoli? air sacs in the lungs Explain how anatomy and physiology are related. Anatomy is studies the structure and shape of the body and physiology is the study of how the body works What are the four major elements found in the human body? oxygen 65%, Carbon 18.6%, Hydrogen 9.7%, and Nitrogen 3.2%. What is a polar covalent bond? unequal sharing of electrons What is a non-polar bond? a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally What does it mean when an element is diatomic? It is made up of two atoms What are the seven most diatomic elements? Hydrogen ( H2), Nitrogen (N2), Fluorine (F2), oxygen (O2), iodine (I2), chlorine (CL2), and Bromine (BR2). process of hydrogen bonding Between H2O molecules cause surface tension, this is what causes water molecules to attract to one another which creates the water bubbles. What is an example of intrinsic regulation of the homeostasis? Dilating local blood vessels of tissues due to lack of O2. What are the four probertites of water? Solubility, reactivity, high heat capacity, and lubrication Solubility water's ability to dissolve a solute in a solvent to make a solution Reactivity Most body chemistry occurs in water