NBCOT Practice Questions And Answers Graded A+

Which one of the four components of the adaptation process pertains to reception of sensory stimuli from internal and external environments? A. Assimilation B. Accommodation C. Association D. Differentiation - A. Assimilation is the reception of sensory stimuli from internal and external environments. Accommodation is the motor response to these stimuli. Association is the organized process of relating current sensory information with the current motor response and then relating this relationship to past responses. Differentiation is the process of identifying the specific elements in a situation that are useful and relevant to another situation to refine the responsive pattern. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 3-year-old has accidentally ingested lead while playing near ceramic tiles that the family bought to renovate their house. A system that an OT working in pediatric acute care would note to be affected by lead poisoning would be: A. Vocal B. Circulatory C. Digestive D. Cardiac - B. In lead poisoning, lead affects the circulatory system by severely limiting the body's ability to synthesize heme, leading to the accumulation of alternate metabolites in the body and, ultimately, anemia. The most significant and irreversible damage occurs in the nervous system. Fluid builds up in the brain, and intracranial pressure can reach life-threatening levels. Cortical atrophy and lead encephalitis can lead to mental retardation, paralysis, blindness, and deafness. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 4-year-old has been diagnosed with mental retardation. A characteristic that is likely to occur with impaired intellectual ability is: A. Acceptable social skills B. Impairment of occupational performance areas C. Development of bizarre attachment to unusual objects D. Poor eye contact - B. A child diagnosed with mental retardation will show significantly impaired intellectual ability, behavioral deficits, and impairmnet of the skills required for independence inoccupational performance areas (i.e., age-appropriate play, dressing, and communication). (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 5-year-old child has been diagnosed with a pervasive disorder that affects both the neurologic and motor behavioral functions. The diagnosis that MOST closely relates to the child's condition is: A. Respiratory distress syndrome B. Tourette's syndrome C. Asperger's syndrome D. Learning disabilities - B. Tourette's syndrome is a pervasive disorder that affects neurologic and motor behavioral function, especially motor tics and vocalizations. Therefore, it is likely that the child has Tourette's syndrome. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 5-year-old child presents with difficulty climbing stairs, rising from a sitting or lying position, and demonstrates progressive fatigue caused by muscle weakness. The OT might suspect a problem with: A. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy B. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy C. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy D. A congenital muscular dystrophy - A. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by the deficiency in the production of dystrophin. Dystrophin is a component of the plasma membrane of the muscle fibers, the deficiency of which causes the muscle to degenerate and malfunction. The calf muscles are enlarged because of fibrosis and proliferation of the adipose tissue, which causes muscle weakness. Therefore, the child's condition could be diagnosed as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 5-year-old child with Down syndrome shows significant loss of weight, high fever, and paleness, and is diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia. In which of the following phases of leukemia will he be administered chemotherapy to treat small deposits of cells that remain after remission? A. Phase I - Induction therapy B. Phase II - Central nervous system prophylaxis C. Phase III - Intensification and consolidation D. Phase IV - Maintenance or continuation therapy - C. Chemotherapy is administered in Phase III - the intensification and consolidation phase- to remove small deposits of cells that remain after remission. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)A 6-year-old is interested in learning to roller skate. However, after the initial few minutes of practice the child does not continue with it and appears to lack the will to follow up what was started. This behavior is typical of Erik Eriksson's psychosocial development stage that deals with: A. Basic trust versus mistrust stage B. Autonomy versus doubt and shame stage C. Self-identity versus role diffusion stage D. Security versus instability - B. This stage is characterized by holding on and letting go and is exemplified by the crisis that occurs through the toilet-training process. This stage brings independent movement away from the parents, enabling the child to explore the environment. Parents must provide opportunities for the child to make choices and develop a sense of self-controlled will. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An etiology for ADHD would be: A. Environmental factors B. Visual and auditory stimulation C. Food allergies and food additives D. Neurochemical imbalances - D. Although researchers are still struggling to find conclusive evidence for the etiology of ADHD, studies have demonstrated that ADHD runs in families and three genes have been found to be related to ADHD implicating genetic factors. Imaging in individuals with ADHD has shown decreased activity in the frontal parietal lobes, which inhibit impulsiveness, pointing to neurologic factors. Medications that influence neurotransmitter function are effective in treatment of ADHD, indicating neurochemical imbalances. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A child with cerebral palsy shows significant impairment in the function of the lower extremities with mild involvement of the upper extremities. The classification of cerebral palsy for this child would be: A. Hemiplegia B. Tetraplegia C. Choreoathetosis D. Diplegia - D. In diplegia, the lower extremities are impaired significantly, with only mild involvement of the upper extremities. Hemiplegia involves the impairment of upper and lower limbs on one side of the body, and tetraplegia or quadriplegia means that all four extremities are affected. Therefore, diplegia is the possible classification of the child's condition. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)