Introduction to Animal Feeds, Feeding and Nutrition
Waste products are rich in nutrients
Feed industry are recycler via livestock diets
Feeds: major costs when raising livestock
Profitability: feed efficiency
Efficiency declines due to stress, poor feed quality, poor animal health
Terminology
● Feedstuffs → any feeds that are used to make a diet (hay, corn, ground corn,
alfalfa hay, soyhulls)
● Nutrient requirements
● Ration (eg. hay or grain is a ration)
● Diet
● Feed (eg. soyhulls or grain, or mixtures could be a feed)
● Grain (soy or soybeans, ground corn could be considered grain)
● Forage → alfalfa hay and silage is a forage source
Note:
❖ Low fiber is considered in gain
❖ Fiber and protein are high in forages
Note: have diets formulated to meet nutrient requirements
Feed and animal nutrition industries: Recycler of byproducts
● Oil processing: soybean meal, canola meal
● Brewing: brewers grain
● Distilling: corn DDGS
● Bread making: bakery byproduct meal
● Milk processing: whey
● Edible nut processing: peanut meal
● Sugar refining: molasses, beet pulp
● Citrus processing: citrus pulp
● Meat processing: blood meal, feather meal
Note: theses all are considered waste
Stress and strain
First priority for the animals is to maintain maintenance (breath, move, digest food, keep warm,
repair tissues, and maintain body weight)
● Stress - environment situation that provokes an adaptive response by the animal
● Strain - is the adaptive response, which is part of the maintenance function
Neuroendocrine system: responsible for partitioning of nutrients during strain
Waste products are rich in nutrients
Feed industry are recycler via livestock diets
Feeds: major costs when raising livestock
Profitability: feed efficiency
Efficiency declines due to stress, poor feed quality, poor animal health
Terminology
● Feedstuffs → any feeds that are used to make a diet (hay, corn, ground corn,
alfalfa hay, soyhulls)
● Nutrient requirements
● Ration (eg. hay or grain is a ration)
● Diet
● Feed (eg. soyhulls or grain, or mixtures could be a feed)
● Grain (soy or soybeans, ground corn could be considered grain)
● Forage → alfalfa hay and silage is a forage source
Note:
❖ Low fiber is considered in gain
❖ Fiber and protein are high in forages
Note: have diets formulated to meet nutrient requirements
Feed and animal nutrition industries: Recycler of byproducts
● Oil processing: soybean meal, canola meal
● Brewing: brewers grain
● Distilling: corn DDGS
● Bread making: bakery byproduct meal
● Milk processing: whey
● Edible nut processing: peanut meal
● Sugar refining: molasses, beet pulp
● Citrus processing: citrus pulp
● Meat processing: blood meal, feather meal
Note: theses all are considered waste
Stress and strain
First priority for the animals is to maintain maintenance (breath, move, digest food, keep warm,
repair tissues, and maintain body weight)
● Stress - environment situation that provokes an adaptive response by the animal
● Strain - is the adaptive response, which is part of the maintenance function
Neuroendocrine system: responsible for partitioning of nutrients during strain
