MCB 3020 Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
define microbiology - ANSWER - the branch of biology that studies microbes
how does microbiology differ from other fields of biology? - ANSWER - can be distinguished from other
fields based on:
1. the size of the organisms studied
2. the techniques used to study them
what are two types of microbes and examples of each? - ANSWER - cellular organisms- made up of cells
-include fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea
acellular organisms- not made of cells
-includes viruses, viroids, satellites, and prions
what are the following composed of?
virus
viroid
satellite
prion - ANSWER - virus- protein and nucleic acids
viroid- RNA only
satellite- nucleic acids
prion- proteins
, what are prokaryotes and eukaryotes? how do they differ? - ANSWER - eukaryotes are organisms with
cells that have DNA in a membrane-bound organelle, (nucleus) and have other true membrane-bound
organelles.
Why do scientists stain specimens? - ANSWER - allows scientists to increase the specimen's visibility,
accentuate specific morphological features and preserve the specimen
why fixate specimen on slides? what are the two ways to do this? - ANSWER - to ensure the specimen is
in position and to preserve internal/ external structures.
prokaryotes are organisms made up of a single cell lacking membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
name and describe the three domains of life. note differences. - ANSWER - domain eukarya- eukaryotic;
have cells and organized structures called organelles; have multiple linear chromosomes; more complex
morphology
domain archaea- prokaryotic; single-celled organisms with no nucleus or organelles; have a single and
circular chromosome; found in extreme conditions; identified by Carl Woese
domain Bacteria- prokaryotic; single-celled organisms with no nucleus or organelles; have a single and
circular chromosome
what scientist identified that the phylogenetic tree is composed of these three domains of life? how did
this scientist discover this? - ANSWER - Carl Woese identified the domain Archaea from Bacteria by using
ribosomal RNA sequencing data.
which domain is found in extreme environments? - ANSWER - Archaea
what does LUCA stand for and what branch is it found on? - ANSWER - Last Universal Common Ancestor-
common ancestor of all three domains of life.
-States domains Archaea and Eukarya diverged from common ancestry and Bacteria evolved
independently
Solutions
define microbiology - ANSWER - the branch of biology that studies microbes
how does microbiology differ from other fields of biology? - ANSWER - can be distinguished from other
fields based on:
1. the size of the organisms studied
2. the techniques used to study them
what are two types of microbes and examples of each? - ANSWER - cellular organisms- made up of cells
-include fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea
acellular organisms- not made of cells
-includes viruses, viroids, satellites, and prions
what are the following composed of?
virus
viroid
satellite
prion - ANSWER - virus- protein and nucleic acids
viroid- RNA only
satellite- nucleic acids
prion- proteins
, what are prokaryotes and eukaryotes? how do they differ? - ANSWER - eukaryotes are organisms with
cells that have DNA in a membrane-bound organelle, (nucleus) and have other true membrane-bound
organelles.
Why do scientists stain specimens? - ANSWER - allows scientists to increase the specimen's visibility,
accentuate specific morphological features and preserve the specimen
why fixate specimen on slides? what are the two ways to do this? - ANSWER - to ensure the specimen is
in position and to preserve internal/ external structures.
prokaryotes are organisms made up of a single cell lacking membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
name and describe the three domains of life. note differences. - ANSWER - domain eukarya- eukaryotic;
have cells and organized structures called organelles; have multiple linear chromosomes; more complex
morphology
domain archaea- prokaryotic; single-celled organisms with no nucleus or organelles; have a single and
circular chromosome; found in extreme conditions; identified by Carl Woese
domain Bacteria- prokaryotic; single-celled organisms with no nucleus or organelles; have a single and
circular chromosome
what scientist identified that the phylogenetic tree is composed of these three domains of life? how did
this scientist discover this? - ANSWER - Carl Woese identified the domain Archaea from Bacteria by using
ribosomal RNA sequencing data.
which domain is found in extreme environments? - ANSWER - Archaea
what does LUCA stand for and what branch is it found on? - ANSWER - Last Universal Common Ancestor-
common ancestor of all three domains of life.
-States domains Archaea and Eukarya diverged from common ancestry and Bacteria evolved
independently
