HPS111 Exam Questions And Correct Answers

HPS111 Exam Questions And Correct Answers Automatic Behaviours - Answer behaviours outside an organisms voulunta ry control Reflexes - Answer simple, automatic and near instantaneous responses to s timuli Instincts - Answer innate tendencies to demonstrate common pa tterns of behaviours in response to stimuli Palmar Grasp Reflex - Answer a reflex in babies, grabbing anything t hat touches the palm of the hand Moro Reflex - Answer a reflex in babies, in response to loss of suppo rt. Involves reaching out arms, pulling them back in and crying Principles of Evolution - Answer - Organisms reproduce and incr ease in number - Organisms inherit features from their parents, but also accumulate random variation - Features in the environment make some features more or less he lpful in surviving and reproduction - Organisms that survive and reproduce pass on features via 2 Requirements for Evolution - Answer - feature must be variable - feature must be heritable - there must be selection pressure Behaviour - Answer organsisms observale actions and responses to th e environment Emotion involves... - Answer - psychological activation - in reponse to environment - can cause behavioural reponse - cognitive appraisal Expressive Emotions - Answer signal your emotions Instrumental behaviours - Answer act on your emotions Fear - Answer Sensory information -> thalamus ->cerebral c ortex -> amygdala (slow process of fear) James-Lange theory - Answer stimulus -> physiological response -> subjective emotions Cannon-Bard theory - Answer - bodily reactions to stimuli aren't always fa st - if James-Lange theory was true, severing the connection along th e way would stop an emotional response Arousal - Answer the activation or intensity of emotional experience Appraisal - Answer the cognitive interpretation of our emotional s tate Circumplex Model - Answer High Activation (angry) (excited) Negative Positive Violence Violence (bored) Deactivated Advantages of humans having large brain - Answer - ability to make and use tools - ability to solve old and new problems - using language and symbols to communicate - engage in abstract thought by using logic Encephalisation quotient (EQ) - Answer derived from log of a species average brain mass divided by log of the species average body mass Animals with more intelligent behaviours have higher EQ's Brain damage (neuroscience techniques) - Answer - can inv estigate what happens when brain is damaged to understand association between brain an d behaviour - limitation is damage often occurs under uncontrolled circumstance s Psychosurgery (neuroscience techniques) - Answer - uses anim al models to better understand how specific brain regions may be involved in the gene ration of specific types of behaviour Ablation (psychosurgery) - Answer surgical removal of brain tissu e, or inserting electrodes into particular areas to examine how it disrupts beh aviour. Deep Brain Stimulation (psychosurgery) - Answer electrodes are inserte d into brain and involves electrically stimulating those regions for theraputic benefit EEG (neuroimaging) - Answer use of recording electrodes place d in various locations on