ENVS 212 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Physical Constraints Correct Answer--some structures do not evolve because the properties of biological materials do not permit them
-may be phylogenetic
-animal can not get any bigger (relatively less surface area)
Functional (Selective) Constraints Correct Answer--some features do not
appear in particular lineages because they are always disadvantageous
Genetic Constraints Correct Answer--genetic variation in a particular phenotype may not be present
-genes that influence multiple phenotypic effects are especially likely to exhibit decreased variability
-there may be little tolerance for genetic variation in some critical development genes or genes necessary for basic cellular functioning
Reproductive Isolation Correct Answer--when population are unable to produce viable fertile offspring
-barrier to gene flow
Geographic Isolation Correct Answer--populations are physically assaulted from other populations by distance of barrier -Subspecies Correct Answer--population which have not yet been designated full species status
Hybridization Correct Answer--interbreeding between differentiated populations or species
-can lead to introgression (movement and incorporation of genes from one population into another)
Monophyletic Group Correct Answer--a group that includes all of the descendants of a common ancestor
Species Concepts Correct Answer--enable classification (taxonomy)
-corresponds to discrete groups of organisms
-helps to understand how discrete groups arise (process)
-represents products of evolutionary history
-applies to the widest array of organisms
Morphological Species Concept Correct Answer--species are groups of organisms that look really different from one another
-Darwin's original concept
-heavily criticized
Genotypic Cluster Species Concept Correct Answer--species are distinct
genetic clusters, separated by few or no intermediates
-genetic extension of Darwin's morphological species concept
Physical Constraints Correct Answer--some structures do not evolve because the properties of biological materials do not permit them
-may be phylogenetic
-animal can not get any bigger (relatively less surface area)
Functional (Selective) Constraints Correct Answer--some features do not
appear in particular lineages because they are always disadvantageous
Genetic Constraints Correct Answer--genetic variation in a particular phenotype may not be present
-genes that influence multiple phenotypic effects are especially likely to exhibit decreased variability
-there may be little tolerance for genetic variation in some critical development genes or genes necessary for basic cellular functioning
Reproductive Isolation Correct Answer--when population are unable to produce viable fertile offspring
-barrier to gene flow
Geographic Isolation Correct Answer--populations are physically assaulted from other populations by distance of barrier -Subspecies Correct Answer--population which have not yet been designated full species status
Hybridization Correct Answer--interbreeding between differentiated populations or species
-can lead to introgression (movement and incorporation of genes from one population into another)
Monophyletic Group Correct Answer--a group that includes all of the descendants of a common ancestor
Species Concepts Correct Answer--enable classification (taxonomy)
-corresponds to discrete groups of organisms
-helps to understand how discrete groups arise (process)
-represents products of evolutionary history
-applies to the widest array of organisms
Morphological Species Concept Correct Answer--species are groups of organisms that look really different from one another
-Darwin's original concept
-heavily criticized
Genotypic Cluster Species Concept Correct Answer--species are distinct
genetic clusters, separated by few or no intermediates
-genetic extension of Darwin's morphological species concept
