ENVS 212 — Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
Evolution Correct Answer-•Evolution is about change in *proportions* through time
Biological Evolution Correct Answer-•Changes in the *genetic properties* of* groups of organisms* ("populations") over the course of generations
•Often referred to more simply as "*descent with modification*" or "genetic change over time"
Evolution Within Populations Correct Answer-•Change in *gene frequencies* between generations (e.g. shift in proportion of individuals with dark versus light wing coloration)
Evolution Between Populations (or Species) Correct Answer-•Change in
*proportion* of *genetically differentiated populations* (e.g. shift in proportion of populations with dark versus light wing coloration)
Morphological Diversity Correct Answer-•Why do whales have lungs and snakes lack legs?
•Evolution is the only scientific explanation for many observed anatomical traits
Genetic Diversity Correct Answer-•Why do salamanders have 10x more DNA than humans?
•Human Genome >>~3.2 billion base pairs
•Some Salamanders
>>~120 billion base pairs
Species Diversity Correct Answer-•Why are there so many species of insects?
Medicine Correct Answer-•How do bacteria, viruses, and parasites counter our immune system?
•How do bacteria, viruses, and parasites evolve resistance to our medicines?
Technology Correct Answer-•How do insects evolve resistance to pesticides?
Four Misconceptions Correct Answer-1. *Evolution* and *natural selection* are the *same thing*
2. *Individual organisms* undergo biological evolution
3. *Evidence* for evolution is *limited*, it is only an *unsubstantiated theory*
4. Evolution occurs within species, but it *cannot explain* the *origin of
new species*
Misconception #1 Correct Answer-•*Evolution* and *natural selection* are the *same thing* >>Natural selection is *ONE mechanism* by which evolution occurs, but natural selection and evolution are *NOT one and the same*
>>Evolution is simply *genetic change through time*, to deny evolution
is to deny genetic change occurs
>>But, *MUCH evolution* occurs due to *natural selection*
Misconception #2 Correct Answer-•*Individual organisms* undergo biological evolution
>>*Populations* or *groups of organisms* undergo evolution
>>In biology, the change of individual organisms through their lifetime is termed "*development*"
Misconception #3 Correct Answer-•*Evidence* for evolution is *limited*, it is only an *unsubstantiated theory*
>>*Evidence* for evolution is *abundant*, stemming from numerous sources such as from the *fossil records*, *DNA* and *genomic data*, and *direct observations* in contemporary time
Misconception #4 Correct Answer-•Evolution occurs within species, but
it *cannot explain* the *origin of new species*
>>As for studies within species, there is *abundant evidence* that *NEW species form* via evolution
Development Correct Answer-•The *change* of *individual organisms*
through their lifetime
Evolution Correct Answer-•Evolution is about change in *proportions* through time
Biological Evolution Correct Answer-•Changes in the *genetic properties* of* groups of organisms* ("populations") over the course of generations
•Often referred to more simply as "*descent with modification*" or "genetic change over time"
Evolution Within Populations Correct Answer-•Change in *gene frequencies* between generations (e.g. shift in proportion of individuals with dark versus light wing coloration)
Evolution Between Populations (or Species) Correct Answer-•Change in
*proportion* of *genetically differentiated populations* (e.g. shift in proportion of populations with dark versus light wing coloration)
Morphological Diversity Correct Answer-•Why do whales have lungs and snakes lack legs?
•Evolution is the only scientific explanation for many observed anatomical traits
Genetic Diversity Correct Answer-•Why do salamanders have 10x more DNA than humans?
•Human Genome >>~3.2 billion base pairs
•Some Salamanders
>>~120 billion base pairs
Species Diversity Correct Answer-•Why are there so many species of insects?
Medicine Correct Answer-•How do bacteria, viruses, and parasites counter our immune system?
•How do bacteria, viruses, and parasites evolve resistance to our medicines?
Technology Correct Answer-•How do insects evolve resistance to pesticides?
Four Misconceptions Correct Answer-1. *Evolution* and *natural selection* are the *same thing*
2. *Individual organisms* undergo biological evolution
3. *Evidence* for evolution is *limited*, it is only an *unsubstantiated theory*
4. Evolution occurs within species, but it *cannot explain* the *origin of
new species*
Misconception #1 Correct Answer-•*Evolution* and *natural selection* are the *same thing* >>Natural selection is *ONE mechanism* by which evolution occurs, but natural selection and evolution are *NOT one and the same*
>>Evolution is simply *genetic change through time*, to deny evolution
is to deny genetic change occurs
>>But, *MUCH evolution* occurs due to *natural selection*
Misconception #2 Correct Answer-•*Individual organisms* undergo biological evolution
>>*Populations* or *groups of organisms* undergo evolution
>>In biology, the change of individual organisms through their lifetime is termed "*development*"
Misconception #3 Correct Answer-•*Evidence* for evolution is *limited*, it is only an *unsubstantiated theory*
>>*Evidence* for evolution is *abundant*, stemming from numerous sources such as from the *fossil records*, *DNA* and *genomic data*, and *direct observations* in contemporary time
Misconception #4 Correct Answer-•Evolution occurs within species, but
it *cannot explain* the *origin of new species*
>>As for studies within species, there is *abundant evidence* that *NEW species form* via evolution
Development Correct Answer-•The *change* of *individual organisms*
through their lifetime
