Muscle composition is a phenogenic type Type of muscle can be trained and environmental -
Whether you can drink milk is also Phenotypic -
Phenotype encompasses anything that results in an outward of observable manifestation on/in the organism, even if we can't see it with our eyes Shape of protein-
Efficiency of an enzyme -
Shape of cell-
Outward appearance-
Behavior -
Etc. -
Phenotypic traits can be qualitative (Discrete) or quantitative (numeric)
Discrete traits are distinct categories such as eye color, lactose intolerant, etc. -
Numeric traits are measured by a numeric value -
What is a genotype? (memorize) Anything at the DNA level -
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein-
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein-
Sequence of DNA that doesn’t code for protein-
Presence/absence of a mutation-
Length of gene-
Number of copies of genes-
Number of copies of a chromosome-
Humans have 23 chromosomes
22 are autosomes + xy -
Entered the genomic era in the 2001
Genomic research has made it much easier to find genes that are possibly linked to phenotypes, including diseases Previously, lots of gene research was based on luck but now we can do research based on phenotypes -
Positive and negative correlation of frequency of phenotypes Usually there is no correlation○
GWAS (Gene wide association studies) are used to examine genotype -phenotype correlations for thousands of genes at a time Looking for the genome that has a correlation out of thousands of combinations ○
Used to study migraines○-
All genes reside on a chromosome -
Centromeres are not always in the middle of the chromosome -
Humans are diploid 2 copies of genes (generally) ○-
just because a gene isn't needed in a cell doesn’t mean it's not there -
Genes have specific positions on chromosomes -
SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism Single base pair difference between two people-Phenotypes and Genotypes Thursday, January 11, 2024 10:07 AM New Section 1 Page 1
Whether you can drink milk is also Phenotypic -
Phenotype encompasses anything that results in an outward of observable manifestation on/in the organism, even if we can't see it with our eyes Shape of protein-
Efficiency of an enzyme -
Shape of cell-
Outward appearance-
Behavior -
Etc. -
Phenotypic traits can be qualitative (Discrete) or quantitative (numeric)
Discrete traits are distinct categories such as eye color, lactose intolerant, etc. -
Numeric traits are measured by a numeric value -
What is a genotype? (memorize) Anything at the DNA level -
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein-
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein-
Sequence of DNA that doesn’t code for protein-
Presence/absence of a mutation-
Length of gene-
Number of copies of genes-
Number of copies of a chromosome-
Humans have 23 chromosomes
22 are autosomes + xy -
Entered the genomic era in the 2001
Genomic research has made it much easier to find genes that are possibly linked to phenotypes, including diseases Previously, lots of gene research was based on luck but now we can do research based on phenotypes -
Positive and negative correlation of frequency of phenotypes Usually there is no correlation○
GWAS (Gene wide association studies) are used to examine genotype -phenotype correlations for thousands of genes at a time Looking for the genome that has a correlation out of thousands of combinations ○
Used to study migraines○-
All genes reside on a chromosome -
Centromeres are not always in the middle of the chromosome -
Humans are diploid 2 copies of genes (generally) ○-
just because a gene isn't needed in a cell doesn’t mean it's not there -
Genes have specific positions on chromosomes -
SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism Single base pair difference between two people-Phenotypes and Genotypes Thursday, January 11, 2024 10:07 AM New Section 1 Page 1
