BCH 3023C Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers

EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM BCH 3023C Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers Primary function of carbohydrates - answer✔✔Fuel for body - energy and biosynthesis Classification of carbohydrates - answer✔✔- aldoses vs ketoses - number of carbons (ex: triose = 3 carbons) Constitutional isomers - answer✔✔same molecular formula, different connectivity Stereoisomers - answer✔✔Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space. Enantiomers - answer✔✔mirror images of each other Dister eomers - answer✔✔stereoisomers that are not mirror images Epimers - answer✔✔differ in one carbon's placement of -OH Anomers - answer✔✔isomers that differ at a new asymmetric carbon atom formed on ring closure D-Ribose - answer✔✔aldopentose D-glyceraldehyde - answer✔✔aldotriose D-glucose - answer✔✔aldohexose D-mannose - answer✔✔aldohexose D-galactose - answer✔✔aldohexose D-fructose - answer✔✔ketohexose Dihydroxyacetone - answer✔✔ketotriose Pyranose - answer✔✔6 membered ring Furanose - answer✔✔5 membered ring Anomeric carbons - answer✔✔bonded to two oxygens EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM Hemiacetals (reversible ring opening) and acetals (nonreversible ring opening) - answer✔✔Aldehyde or ketone reacted with alcohol forms hemiacetal Hemiacetal reacted with alcohol forms acetal Cyclic hemiacet als can form if a molecule contains both C=O and OH functional groups (aldehyde and ketones) Reducing sugar - answer✔✔any monosaccharide with a hemiacetal ring (serves as reducing agent - can be oxidized) Non-reducing sugar - answer✔✔A sugar which cannot serve as a reducing agent. An example is sucrose. Aldehyde oxidation - answer✔✔-Ketone groups cannot be oxidized -Aldehyde groups can be oxidized Keto -enol tautomerization - answer✔✔-keto form is preferred -enols are critical intermediates for aldehydes/ketones reactions Common disaccharides - answer✔✔sucrose, lactose, maltose O-glycosidic bonds - answer✔✔form between monosaccharides - condensation reaction between 2 hydroxyl groups Sucrose bond type - answe r✔✔alpha -1,2 linkage (non -reducing) Lactose bond type - answer✔✔beta-1,4 linkage (reducing) Maltose bond type - answer✔✔alpha -1,4 linkage (reducing) Enzymes in disaccharide digestion - answer✔✔amylase, maltase, lactase Cellulose (polysaccharide) - answer✔✔-structural component of plants -beta-1,4 bonds -straight chains; form fibrils Glycogen (polysaccharide) - answer✔✔-glucose storage (animals) -alpha -1,4 linkage Starch (polysaccharide) - answer✔✔-glucose storage (plants) -alpha -1,4 linkage Glycoconjugates - answer✔✔glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids