AP Psych Unit 12 _ (100- SURE ANSWERS) Semester 1 2024.pdf

8/1/24, 10:56 AM 1/3 AP Psych Unit 12 Jeremiah Terms in this set (48) Nature versus nurture a debate surrounding the relative importance of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) in determining behavior Cross-sectional research a research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics Longitudinal research a research design in which the same individuals are followed over time and their development is repeatedly assessed Teratogens agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) a group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on an unborn child Newborn reflexes a newborns reactions to certain stimulus Attachment an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation Harry Harlow's attachment research studied infant attachment using monkey Mary Ainsworth's strange situation an experimental method designed to measure the nature of attachment between mothers and babies Secure attachments constantly explored when parent was present; distressed when they left and came to parents when they returned Avoidant attachments infants with this may resist being held by the parents and will explore novel environment; they don't go to parents for comforts when they return after an absence Anxious/ambivalent attachments the child shows extreme stress when the parents leave but resist being comforted by them when they return Authoritarian parents parents who make arbitrary rules, expect unquestioned obedience from their children, punish misbehavior, and value obedience to authority Permissive parents parents who provide lax and inconsistent feedback and require little of their children Authoritative parents parents who set high but realistic and reasonable standards, enforce limits, and encourage open communication and independence AP Psych Unit 12