EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM Bio 211 - Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers. Feedback mechanisms - answer✔✔Negative feedback=Stimu lus invoking a response and the response inhibiting stimulus. Positive feedback=the stimulus invoking a response and the response providing a stimulus. IE. platelets increase, cells dividing. Kingdoms - answer✔✔Bacteria, Archaea bacteria, (both have organisms that are unicellular -
comprised of prokaryotic cells -no nucleus). Archaea bacteria - exist extreme (high pH, low pH -Dead Sea). Protista (Eukaryotic cells -membrane bound nucleus), -looking t o divide this by plant unicellular to multi -cellular. Fungi, (multi -cellular organisms inovlved in decomposing. distinguising in photosynthesis). Plantae, Animalia. - Rather than sun photosynthesis but by foods. Emergent Properties - answer✔✔Characteristi cs that we see from a higher level to a lower level in bio organization. Biological organization - increasing levels comes greater complexity. - answer✔✔Chemical - lowest level -atoms, molecules, proteins. organelles, cells. Organelles Tissue level - collect ion of similar cells associated with specific function. Organ level -differentiation cells (different) associate with different organs. - digestive system -
cells break down gastric juices, also generate mucus. Organisms - Individual living things. Populations - individuals as one specifics within a general geographic locale. Communities - all populations within a given geographic locale. Eco Systems -Include community and the non -living components within the geographic locale - "mercury levels." Biosphere -the Ear th's eco system, the largest ecosystem. EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM Characteristics that define life - answer✔✔a. the presence of cells. b. growth c. metabolic processes d. homeostasis - stimulus response. e. energy utilization. f. reproduction & transmit information. g. evolution. Define Biology - answer✔✔The science of life. The science that helps us understand ourselves, other living organisms, and the interrelationship between living organisms. Domains - answer✔✔Bacteria (same as kingdom) Archae (same as Archae Bacteriaa) Eukarya w hich includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Eukarya. Discovery Science - answer✔✔We observe the data and draw conclusions. There are specific observations which lead to general conclusions. Scientific Method - answer✔✔1. observation, 2. question 3. hypothesis (needs to be falsifiable) - note: we are not trying to prove true... we are looking for a strong correlation. There needs to be an experimental group and control group. dependent variable, independent variable. Quantitive and qualitative varia bles. Element - answer✔✔Is determined by the atomic number which is the proton number. Four elements that make up 96% of substances in life? - answer✔✔Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. What are the constituents/subatomic particles of an atom? - answe r✔✔Protons, Neurons, Electrons. Describe the difference between atomic number and atomic mass. - answer✔✔The atomic number is the amount of protons determined. The atomic mass is the amount of protons and neutrons added together. valence shell - answer✔✔The outer shell of the atom. When its filled to make the octet. One way that shells can be filled is through the formation of strong chemical bonds -covalent bond. (p. 21) Covalent (polar and non -polar) Bonds - answer✔✔Bonds -Electrons like to be shared or transfer -
nonpolar is equally strong. Polar covalent Bonds - answer✔✔Unequal sharing. When one element is more electronegative than the other. Water or H2O: Electrons are no t shared equally Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen so partial charges exist on the O and H atoms. p.21 Non-polar covalent bond - answer✔✔The electrons in a C -H bond are shared equally. Hydrogen molecule: H -H.
comprised of prokaryotic cells -no nucleus). Archaea bacteria - exist extreme (high pH, low pH -Dead Sea). Protista (Eukaryotic cells -membrane bound nucleus), -looking t o divide this by plant unicellular to multi -cellular. Fungi, (multi -cellular organisms inovlved in decomposing. distinguising in photosynthesis). Plantae, Animalia. - Rather than sun photosynthesis but by foods. Emergent Properties - answer✔✔Characteristi cs that we see from a higher level to a lower level in bio organization. Biological organization - increasing levels comes greater complexity. - answer✔✔Chemical - lowest level -atoms, molecules, proteins. organelles, cells. Organelles Tissue level - collect ion of similar cells associated with specific function. Organ level -differentiation cells (different) associate with different organs. - digestive system -
cells break down gastric juices, also generate mucus. Organisms - Individual living things. Populations - individuals as one specifics within a general geographic locale. Communities - all populations within a given geographic locale. Eco Systems -Include community and the non -living components within the geographic locale - "mercury levels." Biosphere -the Ear th's eco system, the largest ecosystem. EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM Characteristics that define life - answer✔✔a. the presence of cells. b. growth c. metabolic processes d. homeostasis - stimulus response. e. energy utilization. f. reproduction & transmit information. g. evolution. Define Biology - answer✔✔The science of life. The science that helps us understand ourselves, other living organisms, and the interrelationship between living organisms. Domains - answer✔✔Bacteria (same as kingdom) Archae (same as Archae Bacteriaa) Eukarya w hich includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Eukarya. Discovery Science - answer✔✔We observe the data and draw conclusions. There are specific observations which lead to general conclusions. Scientific Method - answer✔✔1. observation, 2. question 3. hypothesis (needs to be falsifiable) - note: we are not trying to prove true... we are looking for a strong correlation. There needs to be an experimental group and control group. dependent variable, independent variable. Quantitive and qualitative varia bles. Element - answer✔✔Is determined by the atomic number which is the proton number. Four elements that make up 96% of substances in life? - answer✔✔Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. What are the constituents/subatomic particles of an atom? - answe r✔✔Protons, Neurons, Electrons. Describe the difference between atomic number and atomic mass. - answer✔✔The atomic number is the amount of protons determined. The atomic mass is the amount of protons and neutrons added together. valence shell - answer✔✔The outer shell of the atom. When its filled to make the octet. One way that shells can be filled is through the formation of strong chemical bonds -covalent bond. (p. 21) Covalent (polar and non -polar) Bonds - answer✔✔Bonds -Electrons like to be shared or transfer -
nonpolar is equally strong. Polar covalent Bonds - answer✔✔Unequal sharing. When one element is more electronegative than the other. Water or H2O: Electrons are no t shared equally Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen so partial charges exist on the O and H atoms. p.21 Non-polar covalent bond - answer✔✔The electrons in a C -H bond are shared equally. Hydrogen molecule: H -H.
