Biology 211 Exam 4 Questions With Correct Answers.

EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM Biology 211 Exam 4 Questions With Correct Answers. What are the key characteristics of plants? - answer✔✔- Composed of one or more eukaryote cell(s) - Cell wall composed of cellulose - Chlorophyll in chloroplast How do plants acquire energy? - answer✔✔By autotrophy (photosynthesis) How do plants acquire nutrients? - answer✔✔Absorbed from the environment (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) How do plants produce ATP? - answer✔✔Aerobic cellular respiration What plant is an exception? Why? - answer✔✔Ghost plants - Lacks chlorophyll, and is parasitic on mycorrhizal fungi that have mutualistic associations with trees What are the 5 types of plant lineages? - answer✔✔1. Green Algae 2. Nonvascular plants 3. Seedless vascular plants 4. Gymnosperms 5. Angiosperms Where do green algae inhabit? - answer✔✔aquatic ecosystems What are the characteristics of green algae? - answer✔✔- Unicellular or multicellular - No tissues or organs How does green algae acquire nutrients and water? - answer✔✔- Carbon dioxide - Nitrogen - Phos phorus - Water absorbed across cell membrane EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM What is the ecological importance (historically and presently) of green algae? - answer✔✔- Photosynthesis contributes to increased biological production and biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems All plant groups co ntribute to increased biodiversity by providing resources: a)______, b) _______, and c) _____ - answer✔✔a) food to consumers b) oxygen and c) habitat Where do non -vascular plants inhabit? - answer✔✔aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems What are the characteri stics of non -vascular plants? - answer✔✔- Cells organized into tissues/organs - Cuticle and stomata - No vascular tissue - Embryo released from plant in a desiccation -resistant spore What is a waxy layer that prevents water loss from stems and leaves? - answer✔✔Cuticle What has pores that allow gas to exchange in photosynthetic tissues and guard cells close under conditions of water stress (to reduce further water loss)? - answer✔✔Stomata How do the cuticle and stomata acquire nutrients and water? - answer✔✔- Rhizoids anchor plant to substrate (e.g., soil, wood, rock) and absorb water, nutrients (N,P) - Carbon dioxide absorbed through stomata What is the ecological importance (historically) of the cuticle and stomata? - answer✔✔- Resources provided by first terrestrial plants enabled evolution of terrestrial consumers - Explosion in biodiversity, organism abundance, and biological production Where do seedless vascular plants inhabit? - answer✔✔aquatic and wet terrestrial ecosystems What are the characteristics of seedless vascular plants? - answer✔✔- Cuticle and stomata - Vascular tissue conducts water, nutrients, and carbohydrates through plants - Embryo released from plant in a desiccation -resistant spore How do seedless vascular p lants acquire nutrients and water? - answer✔✔Vascular tissue - Xylem - Phloem EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM __________ conducts water and nutrients from roots to photosynthetic cells - answer✔✔Xylem __________ conducts carbohydrates from photosynthetic cells to roots - answer✔✔Phloem What is the ecological importance (historically and presently) of seedless vascular plants? - answer✔✔- Vascular tissue and lignin enable plants to grow tall and inhabit drier habitats - Increased terrestrial plant abundance and diversity (habitat and food resources) enables increased biodiversity and organism abundance Where do gymnosperms inhabit? - answer✔✔Terrestrial ecosystem What are the characteristics of gymnosperms? - answer✔✔- Cuticle and stomata* - Vascular tissue and lignin* - Embryo released fro m plant in a seed* ‣ *Adaptation for terrestrial life How do gymnosperms acquire nutrients and water? - answer✔✔Vascular system What is the ecological importance (historically and presently) of gymnosperms? - answer✔✔- First plants capable of reproducing i n dry terrestrial habitat - Increased food and habitat resources and increased biodiversity and organism abundance Where do angiosperms inhabit? - answer✔✔aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem What are the characteristics of angiosperms? - answer✔✔- Cuticle a nd stomata* - Vascular tissue and lignin* - Embryo released from plant in a seed (surrounded by fruit)* How do angiosperms acquire nutrients and water? - answer✔✔Vascular system What is the ecological importance (historically and presently) of angiosperms? - answer✔✔- Emergence of plants with fruit and flowers (with nectar and pollen) provided more food resources to primary consumers - Enabling increased biodiversity and organism abundance What life cycle is this? 1. The mature plant is a haploid (n) gamet ophyte (i.e., the long -lived life stage that dominated the life cycle) 2. Haploid gametes (sperm, egg) develop on gametophytes by mitosis. The sperm swims through water to fertilize an egg on a female gametophyte, producing a diploid (2n) zygote.